Experimental Therapy of Cancer by Costimulated Immunity

描述（由申请人提供）：强烈的t细胞反应可以针对“非自我”，而这种反应被严格控制和调整，以防止潜在的有害破坏，通过免疫调节分子。我们将探索最近发现的共信号通路的治疗潜力，其中包括两个配体B7-DC和B7-H1以及两个受体，一个共抑制性程序性死亡-1 （PD-1）和一个尚未识别的共刺激受体（CoR）。通过计算分子模型和定点诱变，我们成功分离出B7-DC突变体（B7-DC*），该突变体失去了与PD-1的结合能力，但保留了共刺激功能。此外，我们还生成了PD-1的阻断单抗，具有增强T细胞反应的能力。在本提案中，我们将验证通过CoR和PD-1抑制的选择性刺激将增强治疗性肿瘤免疫的假设。我们将首先评估B7-DC*共刺激在激发针对低免疫原性癌症的治疗性免疫中的作用。此外，B7-DC*将进一步设计，以增加其流动性，并将测试其与B7-1共刺激的协同效应以及潜在机制。为了开发PD-1阻断方法，我们将测试PD-1单抗在癌症治疗过程中诱导自身免疫性疾病的潜力，并通过结合CD 137和B7-DC*共刺激来测试新的策略，以进一步增强肿瘤免疫和消除自身免疫。我们还将验证我们最近的发现，即PD-1在淋巴瘤中的表达有利于免疫的产生。最后，我们将开发和鉴定人类B7-DC*和PD-1单抗，作为将实验室研究转化为临床研究的第一步。我们的研究将为癌症免疫治疗的新方法奠定基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Vigorous T-cell responses could be mounted against "non-self" while such responses are tightly controlled and tuned to prevent potentially harmful destruction through immune regulatory molecules. We will explore therapeutic potentials of a recently identified co-signal pathway, which includes two ligands called B7-DC and B7-H1 as well as two receptors, a coinhibitory programmed death-1 (PD-1) and a yet unidentified costimulatory receptor (CoR). By computational molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we have successfully isolated B7-DC mutants (B7-DC*), which lose binding capacity to PD-1 but retain costimulatory function. Furthermore we have also generated blocking mAb to PD-1 with capacity to enhance T cell responses. In this proposal, we will test the hypothesis that selective stimulation through CoR and inhibition of PD-1 will enhance therapeutic tumor immunity. We will first evaluate the role of B7-DC* costimulation in eliciting therapeutic immunity against poorly immunogenic cancers. In addition, B7-DC* will be further engineered to increase its avidity and will be tested for its synergistic effect with B7-1 costimulation as well as underlying mechanisms. To develop PD-1 blockade approach, PD-1 mAb will be tested for its potential in the induction of autoimmune diseases during cancer therapy and new strategies will be tested by combining CD 137 and B7-DC* costimulation to further enhance tumor immunity and eliminate autoimmunity. We will also validate our recent finding implicating that PD-1 expression on lymphoma is beneficial for the generation of immunity. Finally, we will develop and characterize human B7-DC* and PD-1 mAb as a first step towards translation of laboratory study to clinic. Our studies will form the foundation for new approaches towards immunotherapy of cancers.