Framework to Address Drug Resistant Infections and Global Health

描述（由申请人提供）：该培训计划的目标是为美国博士和医学博士博士后建立一个培训计划，以获得全球卫生研究的经验，重点是耐药感染。该项目将由加州大学伯克利分校、加州大学旧金山分校以及巴西、印度和南非现有合作机构的研究人员组成。这些国家代表了新兴经济国家，在这些国家，耐药感染问题已成为一个主要的公共和临床卫生问题。我们将把培训计划分为两个部分：1)一个部分旨在引进和培训传统上在全球卫生领域没有代表性的学科（化学、生物工程、生物信息学、基因组学、数学）的博士后；2)一个部分旨在交叉培训医学和公共卫生领域从事全球卫生工作的博士后，与那些也从事全球卫生工作的社会科学和经济学领域的博士后。六个项目领域将包括培训化学和生物工程博士后，以开发和验证适合于现场检测耐药病原体的分子检测系统；2)生物信息学和基因组学博士后创建一个公共领域的电子数据库，供其他研究人员共享，以研究耐药性的决定因素；3)从事生物统计学和建模研究以表征和预测耐药感染的动态全球和区域传播的研究员；4)微生物学、免疫学、化学等学科开展发病机制研究，开展耐药机制研究，寻找新的药物靶点，规避结核分枝杆菌耐药机制；5)传染病公共卫生和临床研究人员以及社会和行为科学研究员到国外实地考察耐药性的生物学、流行病学、临床、社会和行为决定因素；6)公共卫生、临床、社会科学和经济学研究人员共同努力，确定耐药性的遗传决定因素、其全球分布、人类经济活动对传播的影响及其对健康的经济影响。这些项目的长期目标是培养全球健康研究领域的新一代领导者。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this training program is to establish a training program for US PhD and MD postdoctoral fellows to gain experience in global health research, focused on drug-resistant infections. The program will be comprised of a consortium of researchers at UC Berkeley, UC San Francisco, and existing collaborating institutions in Brazil, India, and South Africa. These countries represent emerging economy nations where the problem of drug resistant infections has become a major public and clinical health concern. We will divide the training program into two components-1) one designed to introduce and train postdoctoral fellows in disciplines that are not traditionally represented in global health (chemistry, bioengineering, bioinformatics, genomics, mathematics), and 2) one designed to cross-train postdoctoral fellows in medicine and public health doing global health work with those fellows in the social sciences and economics also doing global health work. Six program areas will include training of 1) chemistry and bioengineering postdoctoral fellows to develop and validate molecular detection systems adapted to detect drug-resistant pathogens on site; 2) bioinformatics and genomics postdoctoral fellows to create a public-domain electronic database to be shared by other researchers to study determinants of drug- resistance; 3) fellows who do biostatistics and modeling research to characterize and predict the dynamic global and regional spread of drug-resistant infections; 4) fellows in microbiology, immunology, and chemistry doing pathogenesis research to initiate new studies to examine mechanisms of drug resistance and identify new drug targets to circumvent drug resistance mechanisms of M. tuberculosis; 5) infectious disease public health and clinical research fellows and social and behavioral science fellows at field sites abroad to characterize the biologic, epidemiologic, clinical, social, and behavioral determinants of drug resistance; 6) public health, clinical, social science, and economics research fellows to work together to characterize the genetic determinants of drug-resistance, their global distribution, the impact of human economic activities on the spread, and its economic impact on health. The long term goal of these programs is to produce a new generation of leaders in global health research. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This interdisciplinary research and training initiative will address the global challenge of antibiotic resistance by recruiting non-traditional disciplines (i.e. engineering, chemistry, city planning, and environmental science) into infectious disease research. The initiative will focus on the transmission dynamics of drug resistance in the U.S. and in emerging economies like Brazil, India and South Africa.