Microchannel Dialyzer Development

描述(由申请人提供)：我们的主要目标是有效设计一种基于微尺度流动特征的血液透析器，使其能够进行便携式、长时间的家庭透析，而不会对患者的活动施加不必要的限制。我们的初步研究表明，微通道技术提供了强化的传质和减少透析液的使用。这些特性将使提供更接近正常肾功能的长期透析设备成为可能。我们的长期目标是开发一种适用于长期便携式或家庭透析的血液透析器。这项研究的目标是了解和控制流量分布的变化，并改善基于工程化微流量系统的透析设备的血液相容性。通过控制微型设备的这些关键方面，我们将继续制造和测试便携式透析系统的原型。我们的具体目标如下：1)确定将导致设备内有效血流分布的设备制造标准，以及2)确定将导致有效血液相容性、最小气泡滞留和对设备内传质没有不利影响的血液接触表面修饰标准。这里描述的工作是创新的，因为在膜的血液和透析液侧应用工程微通道，或同时定向地改变表面化学和微通道几何形状以实现高效血液透析，到目前为止还没有报道。在确定了与有效血流分布和血液相容性一致的定量标准后，我们将确保支持便携式透析系统原型的制造和测试所需的其余关键要素。因此，完全集成的便携式血液透析设备的开发将成为可能，并可向预计在未来几年需要定期透析治疗的数百万人提供这项技术。这项拟议的研究将由俄勒冈州立大学微产品突破研究所的教职员工进行，该研究所是美国领先的研究机构，专注于使用微通道实现运输受限过程的小型化。 与公众健康相关：虽然短期血液透析可以提供稳定和可重复的性能，基本血液成分的损失最小，但频繁的长时间透析(每天8小时)更好地模拟自然肾功能，最近的研究表明，这种方法显著减少了传统短期透析治疗的负面影响(Lindsay等人)。2003年，Lockrigde等人1999年，Pierator，1999年)。理想情况下，长时间的透析可以在家里进行，或者以便携式的、可能是可穿戴的方式进行。这种有效治疗终末期肾病的选择目前并不可行，因为必须减少透析单元的尺寸，同时必须大幅提高过滤效率，因为目前的治疗需要极高的透析液流速。拟议的研究重点是开发一种具有适合长时间透析的特性的透析器

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our primary goal is the effective design of a hemodialyzer based on microscale flow features that will enable portable, long-duration home dialysis, and not impose undue restrictions on patient activity. Our preliminary studies show that microchannel technology offers enhanced mass transfer and reduced dialysate use. These attributes will enable the delivery of a device for long-duration dialysis that more closely approaches normal kidney function. Our long-term objective is to develop a hemodialyzer appropriate for long duration portable or at home dialysis. The objectives of the proposed research is to understand and control variations in flow distribution and improve hemocompatibility of dialysis devices based on engineered microscale flow systems. By controlling these critical aspects of microscale devices, we will proceed with the fabrication and testing of a prototype portable dialysis system. Our specific aims are as follows: 1) Identify criteria for device fabrication that will lead to effective blood flow distribution within the device and 2) Identify criteria for blood contact surface modification that will lead to effective hemocompatibility, minimal bubble retention and no adverse effect on mass transfer within the device The work described here is innovative, as neither the application of engineered microchannels on both the blood and dialysate sides of a membrane, nor the simultaneous, directed modification of surface chemistry and microchannel geometry to achieve highly efficient hemodialysis, has been reported to date. Having identified the quantitative criteria consistent with effective blood flow distribution and hemocompatibility, we will have secured the remaining critical elements needed to support the fabrication and testing of a prototype portable dialysis system. Development of fully integrated, portable hemodialysis units will thus be enabled and the technology can be made available to the millions of people expected to require regular dialysis therapy in the years to come. The proposed research will be conducted by faculty and staff at Oregon State University's Microproducts Breakthrough Institute, the leading research organization in the U.S. focused on the miniaturization of transport-limited processes using microchannels. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: While short-duration hemodialysis can deliver consistent and reproducible performance with minimal loss of essential blood constituents, frequent long-duration dialysis (8 hours every day) better simulates natural kidney function, and recent studies suggest that this approach significantly reduces the negative impacts of traditional short-duration dialysis treatment (Lindsay et al. 2003, Lockrigde et al 1999, Pierators, 1999). Ideally, long-duration dialysis could be practiced at home or in a portable, potentially wearable fashion. Such an option for the efficacious management of end stage renal disease is not currently feasible, as the necessary reduction in dialysis unit size must be accompanied by a substantial improvement in filtration efficiency, as current treatments require prohibitively high dialysate flow rates. The proposed research is focused on developing a dialysis unit with the characteristics appropriate for long- duration dialysis