Effects of Yoga on Physiological and Behavioral Precursors of Drug Abuse

描述（由申请人提供）：本R03提案的总体目标是进行一项形成性研究和一项小型随机对照试验（RCT），以测试身体剧烈的瑜伽干预是否对高危青少年的药物使用及其行为，心理和心理生理学前体产生有益影响。关于瑜伽在改善身体和情绪健康方面的有效性的知识基础越来越多。然而，大多数研究都是在成年人中进行的，重点是心理和身体的临床结果。瑜伽有可能通过针对基于生物学的情绪调节和抑制控制技能的过程来影响药物滥用的行为前兆。到目前为止，还没有对这些脆弱性特征对瑜伽等方法的反应性进行全面检查，这些方法本质上是为了提高这些调节技能。因此，我们提出了瑜伽干预的适应和测试，以研究这种身心形式的运动如何影响药物滥用的心理，行为和心理生理学基础。这项为期3年的研究的具体目标是：目标1。进行形成性研究，以开发和预测试身体强健的瑜伽干预，通过现有材料的文化和发展剪裁，并从当地青少年咨询委员会和专家小组，焦点小组和课程的预测试的投入。目标2.进行一项试验性随机对照试验，以评价药物滥用先兆干预措施的疗效，并获得必要的数据，以支持全面的疗效试验。我们假设，瑜伽干预将导致改善情绪，认知和行为调节，应对，情绪和心理生理应激反应和恢复，这反过来又会介导药物使用，外化行为和学校表现的干预效果。干预材料将在第一年通过形成过程开发和预先测试。在第2年和第3年，将在一项针对高危青少年的小型RCT中对由此产生的身体剧烈瑜伽干预进行测试。将在干预前和干预后从实验组（N=45）和对照组（N = 45）收集多评分者（学生，教师）和多方法（调查，心理生理学，行政）数据。将收集过程和保真度数据，以记录实施情况并作为质量改进。将根据基线健康、既往药物使用和年龄对中介模型进行调整。此外，我们将探讨健身水平的变化是否会调节干预效果。积极影响高危青少年的积极瑜伽干预的这种应用是高度创新的，其目标是关键的潜在行为，心理和心理生理机制，显示与药物使用有关。结果将被纳入后续的R01申请中，作为更大规模疗效试验的初步数据。 公共卫生相关性：本研究的总体目的是适应和测试一个充满活力的瑜伽干预与高风险的青少年，以检查这种身心形式的运动是否是一个可行的替代方法，以预防药物使用和滥用。瑜伽技巧的这种应用将为正念身体活动可能对压力反应和恢复力、自我调节、应对以及与最终药物滥用相关的其他条件产生积极影响的方式提供新的见解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of this R03 proposal is to conduct a formative study and a small randomized control trial (RCT) to test whether a physically vigorous yoga intervention has a beneficial impact on drug use and its behavioral, psychological, and psychophysiological precursors in high-risk adolescents. There is a growing knowledge base on the effectiveness of yoga in improving physical and emotional health. However, most studies have been conducted with adults and focused on psychological and physical clinical outcomes. Yoga has the potential to impact behavioral precursors to drug abuse by targeting biologically based processes of emotional regulation and inhibitory control skills. To date, there has been no comprehensive examination of the responsivity of these vulnerability traits to approaches such as yoga, which are by nature designed to enhance these regulatory skills. As such, we propose the adaptation and testing of a yoga intervention to examine how this mind-body form of exercise influences the psychological, behavioral, and psychophysiological substrates that underlie drug abuse. The specific aims of this 3-year study are to: Aim 1. Conduct a formative study to develop and pre-test a physically vigorous yoga intervention through cultural and developmental tailoring of existing materials with input from a local Teen Advisory Board and an Expert Panel, focus groups, and pre-testing of the curriculum. Aim 2. Conduct a pilot RCT to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention on precursors of drug abuse and obtain requisite data to support a full-scale efficacy trial. We hypothesize that the yoga intervention will lead to improved emotional, cognitive, and behavioral regulation, coping, mood, and psychophysiological stress reactivity and recovery, which, in turn, will mediate the effects of the intervention on drug use, externalizing behaviors, and school performance. Intervention materials will be developed and pre-tested through a formative process in Year 1. In Years 2 and 3, the resulting physically vigorous yoga intervention will be tested in a small RCT with high risk adolescents. Multi-rater (student, teacher) and multi-method (survey, psychophysiological, administrative) data will be collected at pre- and post-intervention from experimental (N=45) and control (N=45) groups. Process and fidelity data will be collected to document implementation and serve as a quality improvement. Adjustments to the mediation model will be made for baseline fitness, prior drug use, and age. Also, we will explore whether change in fitness level moderates intervention effects. This application of a vigorous yoga intervention to positively influence high risk youth is highly innovative in its targeting of critical underlying behavioral, psychological, and psychophysiological mechanisms shown to be related to drug use. Results will be incorporated into a subsequent R01 application as preliminary data for a larger scale efficacy trial. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The overall aim of this study is to adapt and test a vigorous yoga intervention with high-risk adolescents to examine whether this mind-body form of exercise is a viable alternative approach for prevention of drug use and abuse. This application of yoga techniques will offer new insights into ways in which mindful physical activity may positively affect stress reactivity and resilience, self regulation, coping, and other conditions associated with eventual drug abuse.