Tailored Interventions to Prevent Substance Abuse

描述(由申请人提供)：本提案是根据TRANS-NIHPA-04-121(了解儿童和青少年健康危险行为变化的机制)提交给NIDA的。这项建议涉及计划公告(PA)的两个主要目标：(1)加强对健康危险行为的演变、预防和终止的了解，以及(2)制定有效的预防和干预策略，旨在维持健康行为和防止药物滥用等健康危险行为。这项研究的首要目标是通过使用针对每个人使用香烟和酒精的特定风险特征而量身定做的创新互动干预措施，防止青少年早期使用药物。跨年龄组(小学、初中和高中)、人群(美国、英国和以色列)和物质(烟草、酒精和其他药物)的研究一致地发现，四类不使用药物的人的药物使用风险不同：(1)最不使用药物；(2)使用药物的高风险；(3)对保持无物质的矛盾情绪；以及(4)对药物使用的风险否认。这些资料证明了内部和外部有效性以及预测未来药物使用的良好能力，因此，为开发新的预防方法提供了机会。这些简介将被用作设计两种创新的计算机干预措施的基础，以防止青少年滥用药物。这两种新的量身定做的干预措施(防止吸烟和防止酗酒)将在一项2(组；治疗与比较)×4(场合；0、12、24和36个月)的学校临床试验中开发和测试。对照组将接受两种先前开发和测试的量身定制的健康行为干预措施(饮食和防晒)。具体目的是：(1)证明接受针对性吸烟干预措施的早期青少年(6年级)比对照组更有可能戒烟；(2)证明接受针对性酒精使用干预措施的早期青少年比对照组更有可能戒酒；(3)重复研究结果，即作为比较条件的一部分，量身定制的饮食和阳光暴露干预措施将有效地减少这两种高危行为。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is submitted to NIDA in response to the Trans-NIHPA-04-121 (Understanding Mechanisms of Health Risk Behavior Change in Children and Adolescents. This proposal addresses the two primary goals of the Program Announcement (PA): (1) To enhance the understanding of the evolution, prevention and termination of health risk behaviors and (2) The development of effective prevention and intervention strategies designed to maintain healthy behaviors and prevent health risk behaviors, like substance abuse. The overarching objective of this research is to prevent substance use in early adolescents through the use of innovative interactive interventions tailored to each individual's particular risk profile for using cigarettes and alcohol. Research across age groups (elementary, middle and high school), populations (U.S., U.K., and Israel), and substances (tobacco, alcohol and other drugs) has consistently identified four clusters of non-users who vary in their risks for substance use: (1) Most Protected from substance use; (2) High Risk to use substances; (3) Ambivalent about staying substance free; and (4) Risk Denial about substance use. These profiles have demonstrated both internal and external validity as well as good ability to predict future substance use and, therefore, provide an opportunity to develop a new approach to prevention. These profiles will be employed as the basis for designing two innovative computer-based interventions to prevent substance abuse by adolescents. The two new tailored interventions (smoking prevention and alcohol prevention) will be developed and tested in a 2 (Group; treatment vs. Comparison) X 4 (Occasions; 0, 12, 24, and 36 months) school-based clinical trial. The comparison group will receive two previously developed and tested tailored health behavior interventions (diet and sun protection). The specific aims are: (1) To demonstrate that early adolescents (6th Grade) receiving profile-based tailored interventions for smoking are significantly more likely to remain free from smoking than a comparison group; (2) To demonstrate that early adolescents receiving profile-based tailored interventions for alcohol use are significantly more likely to remain free from alcohol than a comparison group; and (3) To replicate findings that the tailored diet and sun exposure interventions will be effective in reducing these two high risk behaviors as part of the comparison condition.