Brainstem Respiratory Neuron Interactions

描述（由申请人提供）：了解产生和调节呼吸运动模式的脑干网络是生理学和医学的重要目标。扰乱呼吸的疾病与肺动脉高压和全身性高血压、婴儿猝死、学习障碍、帕金森病和自主神经功能障碍以及其他疾病和风险（如中风和多发性硬化症）的发展有关。腹外侧髓质的神经网络被认为是产生呼吸运动模式所必需的。脑干其他部位用来调节这一网络的回路尚不清楚。该项目的主要假设是：外周和中枢化学感受器通过分布式网络调节呼吸运动模式，该网络包括“桥状呼吸组”（PRG）、中缝髓核和蓝核中的多功能神经元。该项目有四个具体目标：

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the brainstem network that generates and modulates the respiratory motor pattern is an important goal in physiology and medicine. Disorders that disrupt breathing are associated with the development of pulmonary and systemic hypertension, sudden infant death, learning disabilities, Parkinson's disease and autonomic dysfunction, and other disorders and risks, e.g., stroke and multiple sclerosis. A neural network in the ventrolateral medulla is considered essential for generating the respiratory motor pattern. The circuits used by other brainstem sites to modulate this network are not known. The primary hypothesis of this project is: Peripheral and central chemoreceptors modulate the respiratory motor pattern through a distributed network that includes multifunctional neurons in the "pontine respiratory group" (PRG), the medullary raphe nuclei, and the locus ceruleus. The project has four specific aims: 1. Define functional circuits within the pontine respiratory group (PRG) and between the PRG and the core medullary respiratory network. 2. Define the functional circuits of the PRG and the core medullary respiratory network appropriate for modulation of the respiratory motor pattern during changes in central and peripheral chemoreceptor drive. 3. Define the functional connectivity of raphe neurons that respond to changes in central and peripheral chemoreceptor drive, including functional circuits between the raphe system and the PRG and core medullary networks. 4. Identify functional circuits of locus ceruleus neurons that respond to changes in central and peripheral chemoreceptor drive and their functional connectivity with other modulatory domains and the core medullary respiratory network. The project will use multi-array recordings and computational methods to define functional circuits and their responses during chemoreceptor challenges that alter breathing. The results will lead to new network models of the respiratory brainstem in both normal and pathophysiological conditions.