Prison-based Naloxone-on-release RCT to reduce drugs-related deaths

阿片类药物过量已成为年轻人和早期成年人死亡的主要原因之一。超过四分之三的过量用药是偶然的（与剂量计算错误有关，或在一段时间的戒断后对药物效果缺乏耐受性），与自杀意图无关。大多数过量用药发生在服用者自己或朋友身上。S家在朋友和同龄人的陪伴下，并涉及海洛因或其他鸦片类药物。因此，同伴或家庭可以通过适当的过量管理来预防许多死亡，他们可以在等待紧急医疗服务到来的同时进行挽救生命的紧急肌肉注射纳洛酮。纳洛酮是阿片类药物过量的解毒剂。大多数阿片类药物过量发生在医疗机构之外，特别是在私人住宅或无家可归者中。这使得快速有效的治疗有些问题。必须确定过量，必须叫救护车，救护车必须找到位置，只有这样才能用纳洛酮治疗病人。此外，过量受害者的位置可能很难找到或难以进入。救护人员可能也不愿意在没有警察支持的情况下进入其中一些地区。这些因素和其他因素可能导致提供重要治疗的进一步延误。紧急治疗的延误造成意外过量服用阿片类药物成瘾者的高死亡率。解毒剂注射纳洛酮现在是常规的救护车运载。拟议的试验涉及这项技术转让的下一步：将紧急纳洛酮放在潜在吸毒者手中，这样，如果他们过量服用，在救护车被叫到和救护车到达之间，朋友或家人有机会防止他们死亡。

Opiate overdose has become one of the main causes of death for young people and early adults. More than three-quarters of overdoses are accidental (associated with errors in the calculation of the dose, or lack of tolerance to the drug effect after a period of abstinence), and are not associated with suicidal intent. Most overdoses occur the user s own, or a friend?s home in the company of friends and peers, and involve heroin or other opiates. Consequently, many deaths could potentially be prevented by appropriate management of overdose by peers or family, who could administer a life saving emergency intramuscular injection of Naloxone whilst awaiting the arrival of emergency medical services. Naloxone is a total antidote to opiate overdose. Most opiate overdoses take place away from healthcare settings, especially in private dwellings or among the homeless. This makes fast and effective treatment somewhat problematic. The overdose must be identified, an ambulance must be called, the ambulance must find the location, and only then will the patient be treated with naloxone. Furthermore, the location of the overdose victim may be hard to find or difficult to access. Ambulance crews may also be reluctant to enter some of these areas without police support. These and other factors can contribute to further delay in the provision of vital treatment. Delay in emergency treatment contributes to the high mortality of opiate addicts due to accidental overdose. Antidote injection of Naloxone is now routinely carried in ambulances. The proposed trial involves the next step in the transfer of this technology: placement of emergency Naloxone in the hands of the potential drug user so that if they do overdose there is an opportunity for friends or family to prevent their death between when an ambulance is called and its arrival.