QUEST Deglaciation: Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles during the last deglaciation.

该项目的目标是研究自上一次冰川盛期(LGM：21,000年前)以来气候和生物地球化学循环之间的双向相互作用。在理解和模拟上一次冰川-间冰期周期的气候对外部强迫的反应方面做出了相当大的努力，这既包括在关键时刻(特别是末次冰期和全新世中期，通过古气候模拟对比项目)对外部强迫的平衡反应，也包括通过冰川消融的瞬变反应的各个方面(几个快速项目的重点)。已经有关于气候变化对微量气体和气溶胶排放的影响的研究，其中大多数集中在末次冰盖的极端状态。最近的模拟发展现在使研究生物地球化学对瞬变气候变化的反应成为可能，并研究气溶胶和痕量气体变化对气候系统的反馈。我们将使用著名的(Hadley中心模型的低分辨率版本)作为瞬变模拟实验的主要平台，以研究从末次冰期到现在间冰期的过渡过程中的生物地球化学反应和反馈。这项建模工作将得到使用GENIE-IGCM的额外模拟的补充，这将使我们能够调查不确定性。模拟生物地球化学循环的一个先决条件是需要对过去的气候本身进行准确的描述。因此，我们提出了两项相互关联的活动：(A)模拟末次冰期和全新世之间的气候变化，并利用现有的和新的古数据合成对这些模拟进行评估，以确定这些模型是否能够充分反映区域气候变化，以及(B)在地球系统模型内发展生物地球化学过程的表示以及将用于评估模拟的生物地球化学循环变化的补充数据集。

The goal of the project is to investigate the two-way interactions between climate and biogeochemical cycling since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM: 21,000 years ago). Considerable effort has been made on understanding and modelling the climate responses to external forcing during the last glacial-interglacial cycle, both in terms of the equilibrium response to forcing at key times (specifically the LGM and the mid-Holocene, through the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, PMIP) and aspects of the transient response through the deglaciation (a focus of several RAPID projects). There have been studies of the impact of climate changes on trace gas and aerosol emissions, most of which have focussed on the extreme state of the LGM. Recent modelling developments now make it possible to examine the biogeochemical response to transient climate changes, and to examine the feedbacks of changes in aerosols and trace gases on the climate system. We will use FAMOUS (a low-resolution version of the Hadley Centre model) as a primary platform for transient modelling experiments to investigate biogeochemical responses and feedbacks through the transition from the last glacial to the present interglacial epoch. This modelling work will be complemented by additional simulations using GENIE-IGCM which will allow us to investigate uncertainties. A pre-requisite for simulating the biogeochemical cycles is the need for an accurate representation of past climates itself. Therefore we propose two interrelated activities: (a) simulation of climate changes for periods between the LGM and Holocene and evaluation of these simulations using existing and new palaeodata syntheses to determine if the models are able to represent regional climate changes adequately, and (b) development of representations of biogeochemical processes within Earth System models and of complementary data sets that will be used to evaluate the simulated changes in biogeochemical cycles.