Environmental Approaches to Prevention

简介（由申请人提供）：预防研究中心（PRC）是NIAAA资助的18个国家级酒精研究中心之一，也是唯一一个专门从事社区预防的研究中心。PRC的主要目标是开展基础和应用研究，从而制定有效的预防方案，以减少酒精滥用和相关问题。该中心的研究重点是：(1)更好地了解与酒精有关的个人问题行为的社会心理、经济和生态决定因素；(2)设计、实施和评估有效的预防政策和方案。该中心由一个核心行政和技术部分，4个研究部分和1个教育部分组成。组成部分1 -“行政核心”-为中心组成部分和其他个人研究资助提供行政和技术支持，并包括首席研究员/科学主任、GIS专家、计算机系统管理员、图书管理员和行政助理的部分时间。首席研究员监督中心的管理，并（通过核心）确保在PRC进行的所有研究的整体科学完整性。第二部分-“酒后驾车的社会生态：双人口模型”研究饮酒环境与酒后驾车的社会机制。第3部分- “社区、酒精销售点和亲密伴侣暴力”审查了酒精销售点和社区因素如何缓和夫妻之间的暴力。第4部分-“儿童身体虐待和忽视的社会机制”考虑父母使用饮酒场所如何影响儿童虐待和忽视的比率。第5部分- “地方酒精政策、执法和未成年人饮酒”审查社区在酒精政策和执法方面的差异如何影响未成年人饮酒轨迹。组成部分6 -传播和采用基于科学的预防“传播中心的研究活动的结果，以支持在所有干预层面采用基于科学的预防，重点是目前对社区具体活动的应用。这些高度综合的研究活动将得到大规模档案和电话调查数据采集系统的支持，这些系统将收集加州50个城市的协调数据，强调在社区一级开发新的生态方法来预防酒精问题。

DESCRIPTION (Provided by the applicant): The Prevention Research Center (PRC) is one of 18 national alcohol research centers sponsored by NIAAA and the only one specializing in community prevention. The primary objective of PRC is to conduct basic and applied research leading to the development of effective prevention programs to reduce alcohol abuse and related problems. Research at the Center focuses on (1) developing a better understanding of the psychosocial, economic and ecological determinants of individual problem behaviors related to alcohol and (2) designing, implementing and evaluating effective prevention polices and programs. The Center consists of a Core administrative and technical component, 4 research components, and 1 educational component. Component 1 - "Administrative Core" - provides administrative and technical support for the center components and other individual research grants, and includes a portion of the time of the Principal Investigator/Scientific Director, GIS Specialist, Computer Systems Administrator, Librarian, and Administrative Associate. The Principal Investigator oversees management of the Center and (via the core) insures overall scientific integrity of all research conducted at PRC. Component 2 - "The Social Ecology of Drinking and Driving: A Two Population Model" studies the social mechanisms relating drinking contexts to drunken driving. Component 3 - "Neighborhoods, Alcohol Outlets and Intimate Partner Violence" examines how alcohol outlets and neighborhood factors moderate violence among couples. Component 4 - "Social Mechanisms of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect" considers how parents' use of drinking places affects rates of child abuse and neglect. Component 5 - "Local Alcohol Policies, Enforcement, and Underage Drinking" examines how community variations in alcohol policies and enforcement affect underage drinking trajectories. Component 6 - Dissemination and Adoption of Science-Based Prevention" disseminates the results of the Center's research activities to support the adoption of science-based prevention at all intervention levels with emphasis in the current application upon community-specific activities. Emphasizing the development of new ecological approaches to the prevention of alcohol problems at the community level, these highly integrated research activities will be supported by large-scale archival and telephone survey data acquisition systems collecting coordinated data across 50 cities in California.