MSSL PRD Case for Support: Plasma Analysers for KuaFu

夸父任务将首次提供对已知的在太阳-地球连接中起关键作用的参数的连续测量，并对理解磁暴的本质做出关键贡献，磁暴是太阳风和地球磁层之间最引人注目的相互作用模式。对空间等离子体粒子数量的直接测量在太阳风和磁层中都是必不可少的。UCL/MSSL将提供两台等离子仪器。第一个是KuaFu-A的太阳风等离子体仪器（SWIPS-SWAN），它将测量地球上游L1拉格朗日点的太阳风离子等离子体密度和速度，这是计算磁层能量输入的关键参数。第二个是KuaFu-B1的磁层等离子电子仪器，它将常规测量引起KuaFu-B成像仪持续监测的大部分极光发射的电子群。这些电子的直接测量对于确定极光中的能量沉积和确保正确识别开闭场线边界是必不可少的，这是太阳风-磁层耦合的关键测量。任务科学案例和共同的规划考虑在英国KuaFu社区联合制作的配套文件中介绍。在本文件中，我们确定并请求所需的资源，以确保我们能够采用我们在Rolling Grant支持下开发的下一代通用等离子体分析仪技术，并使用具有成本效益的方法对其进行调整，以满足这两种仪器的具体要求。UCL/MSSL空间等离子体小组在成功的仪器开发和富有成效的科学活动方面有着悠久的历史，并且在提供这些仪器和通过KuaFu任务为解决PPARCs太阳系科学战略中确定的英国科学目标做出强有力的贡献方面处于有利地位。

The KuaFu mission will provide the first continuous measurements of parameters known to play a key role in the Sun-Earth connection, and make a critical contribution to understanding the nature of magnetic storms, the most dramatic mode of interaction between the solar wind and the terrestrial magnetosphere. Direct measurements of the space plasma particle populations are essential both in the solar wind and the magnetosphere. UCL/MSSL will provide two plasma instruments. The first is a solar wind plasma instrument for KuaFu-A (SWIPS-SWAN) which will measure the solar wind ion plasma density and velocity at the L1 Lagrangian point upstream of Earth, which are crucial parameters used in calculations of energy input to the magnetosphere. The second is a magnetospheric plasma electron instrument for KuaFu-B1 which will routinely measure the electron population that gives rise to majority of the auroral emissions that the KuaFu-B imagers are continuously monitoring. Direct measurements of these electrons are essential in order to determine energy deposition in the aurorae and to ensure correct identification of the open-closed field line boundary, a key measure of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. The mission science case and common programmatic considerations are introduced in a companion document produced jointly by the UK KuaFu community. In the present document we identify and request the resources needed to ensure that we can take the next generation generic plasma analyser technologies we have been developing with Rolling Grant support and tune them to meet the specific requirements of these two instruments, using a cost-effective approach. The UCL/MSSL Space Plasma group has a long history of successful instrument development and productive science activity, and is well placed both to provide these instruments and to make a strong contribution via the KuaFu mission to addressing UK Science Objectives identified in PPARCs Solar System Science Strategy.