Photonic structures for direct ultrasensitive virus detection

描述(申请人提供)：病毒的直接单拷贝或近单拷贝检测对人类健康是一个重要的挑战。应用包括需要监测新出现的病毒威胁(例如H5N1流感和SARS病毒)，以及了解艾滋病毒抗逆转录病毒治疗后几乎无法检测到的感染源的长期影响的重要性。虽然已经在开发超灵敏检测方法上花费了相当大的努力，但仍然需要异常灵敏、无标签、物理上坚固且价格低廉的新技术。我们假设二维光子带隙(2DPBG)传感器可以满足所有这些要求。我们将通过完成以下三个目标来验证这一假设。在目标1中，我们将开发和测试一种新的单链抗体纳米级图案化方法，并将该方法应用于牛痘病毒的单靶2DPBG传感器。在目标2中，我们将把这一方法扩展到双目标传感器的生产。最后，我们将把这些新型生物传感器与微流控通道以及目标3中用于样品过滤和/或预浓缩的功能集成在一起。公共卫生相关性：目前检测病毒的高灵敏度方法--低至单个病毒颗粒水平--昂贵且复杂。我们建议开发和测试一种新的基于硅的光学生物传感器，它将能够简单、快速地检测病毒，具有单粒子灵敏度。这些新型传感器将应用于检测艾滋病毒和新出现的病毒病原体，如H5N1流感和SARS等。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Direct single- or near-single copy detection of viruses is an important challenge in human health. Applications include the need to monitor emerging viral threats (H5N1 influenza and the SARS virus, for example), and the importance of understanding the long-term implications of nearly undetectable reservoirs of infection following antiretroviral therapy for HIV. While considerable effort has been expended on the development of ultrasensitive detection methods, the need remains for new technologies that are exceptionally sensitive, label-free, physically robust, and inexpensive. We hypothesize that two-dimensional photonic bandgap (2DPBG) sensors can fulfill all of these requirements. We will test that hypothesis by completing the following three Aims. In Aim 1, we will develop and test a new method for nanoscale patterning of single chain antibodies, and will implement that method in single-target 2DPBG sensors for vaccinia. In Aim 2, we will extend this methodology to the production of dual-target sensors. Finally, we will integrate these novel biosensors with microfluidic channels and with features for sample filtration and/or preconcentration in Aim 3. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Current methods for detecting viruses with high sensitivity - down to the single viral particle level - are expensive and complex. We propose to develop and test a new class of optical biosensors based on silicon that will be able to detect viruses simply and rapidly, with single-particle sensitivity. These new sensors will have applications in the detection of HIV, and emerging viral pathogens such as H5N1 influenza and SARS, among others.