Canada's contribution to Advanced Plasma Wake-field Experiment at CERN

这项提议寻求资金，以允许加拿大继续为高级尾场实验(Awake)合作做出贡献，这是一项由CERN SPS同步加速器400 GeV质子束驱动的等离子体尾场加速实验，这是世界上第一个此类实验。随着目前现有的和计划中的大型加速器在技术和资金上接近将现有范式扩展到极限，探索我们周围宇宙更精细结构的下一代实验必须着眼于地平线以外的地方，寻找新的方案来产生能量越来越大的粒子束，例如通过等离子体中诱导的尾波场来加速粒子。这样的方案有望在几米的距离内产生TeV级的电子，从而使下一代高能物理实验在经济上可行。在欧洲核子研究中心建立了测试设施的觉醒实验，在等离子体尾波场加速项目中是独一无二的，因为它选择了质子作为驱动粒子。这项合作成立于2013年，是一项原则验证实验，已经产生了大量结果，包括将外部注入的电子加速到GeV能级。该试验计划将于2021年恢复，运行2次，并延长至2028年以后。第二次运行的结果将使Awak合作小组能够考虑将实验方案首次应用于高能物理。作为加拿大的粒子和核物理实验室，TRIUMF显然有兴趣跟上推动能源前沿的前沿发展。TRIUMF于2014年加入了AACKE合作，并为实验的成功做出了贡献，包括电子束线仪器、等离子体细胞的表征和新电子源的研究。在唤醒实验中，束流诊断起着至关重要的作用。为了实验的成功，所有三束质子、电子和激光都必须在空间和时间上彼此之间有明确的定义和可控的关系。在质子发出两个数量级更强的信号的情况下，测量电子位置是极其困难的。目前，正在为此目的开发一种在微波区运行的独特位置监测系统。虽然监测器本身是由CERN团队设计的，但高频信号处理电子设备预计将由TRIUMF开发。随着运行2进入以下阶段，预计将有更多的TRIUMF参与。在这份提案中，我们申请资金支持研究生或博士后从事清醒波束诊断开发的各个方面的工作，并申请差旅资金来支持现有设备、参与新的安装、实验运行和协作会议。该提案伴随着RTI应用程序，以支持独特的微波波束位置监控系统的建设。

This proposal seeks funding to allow Canada to continue its contribution to the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) collaboration, a plasma wakefield acceleration experiment, driven by the 400 GeV proton beam from the CERN SPS synchrotron, the first of its kind world-wide. As currently existing and planned large scale accelerators come closer to stretching the existing paradigm to the limit both technologically and financially, the next generation of experiments probing ever finer structure of the universe around us must look beyond the horizon for new schemes to produce particle beams with ever greater energy such as particle acceleration by induced wakefield in plasmas. Such schemes hold the promise of producing TeV scale electrons over a distance of meters, thus rendering the next generation high energy physics experiments economically viable. The AWAKE experiment, with test facilities taking shape at CERN, is unique among plasma wakefield acceleration projects in its selection of protons as the driving particles. The collaboration, formed in 2013 as a proof-of-principle experiment, has already produced a wealth of results including acceleration of externally injected electrons to the GeV energy level. The experimental program will resume in 2021 with Run 2 and extends beyond 2028. The findings of Run 2 will allow the AWAKE collaboration to contemplate first applications of the experimental scheme to high-energy physics. As Canada's particle and nuclear physics laboratory, TRIUMF has a manifest interest in keeping abreast of cutting edge developments in pushing the energy frontier. TRIUMF joined the AWAKE collaboration in 2014 and contributed to the success of the experiment with the instrumentation for the electron beam line, characterization of the plasma cell and studies of the new electron source. Beam diagnostics plays an essential role in the AWAKE experiment. For the success of the experiment all three beams of proton, electron and laser, have to be in well-defined and controllable relationships to each other in space and in time. Electron position measurements in the presence of a two order of magnitude stronger signal from protons are extremely difficult. Presently, the work is in progress to develop for this purpose a unique position monitoring system operating in the microwave region. While the monitor itself is designed by the CERN team, the high frequency signal processing electronics is expected to be developed by TRIUMF. As Run 2 proceeds to following stages more TRIUMF involvement is foreseen. In this proposal we request funds to support a graduate student or a postdoc fellow to work on various aspects of the AWAKE beam diagnostics development and travel funds to support the existing equipment, to participate in new installations, experimental runs and collaboration meetings This proposal is accompanied with an RTI application to support construction of the unique microwave beam position monitoring system.