Postdoctoral training in tobacco control

描述(由申请人提供)：这项建议的目的是继续支持为期两年的博士后奖学金，该奖学金将吸引来自医学、生物、社会、行为和政策科学等各种背景的对跨学科研究有强烈承诺的个人，以帮助培养烟草控制领域的下一代科学领袖。随着国会最近立法授予美国食品和药物管理局监管烟草产品的权力，医疗改革的重点是疾病预防，以及世界上第一个公共卫生条约--《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》的实施，对烟草控制专家的需求继续增长。我们的计划是创新癌症预防培训的象征，为年轻科学家提供工具，在协作的跨学科环境中进行研究，并成为未来催化多学科整合和将科学转化为政策和临床实践的领导者。我们有一个明确的目标：培养博士后研究员，他们将有资格并处于有利地位，成为未来制定和实施基于研究的烟草控制政策和干预措施的领导者。这一目标是通过与卫生政策、生物统计学、烟草控制政策以及预防和治疗与烟草有关的成瘾和疾病有关的跨学科课程以及由来自不同学科的一名初级和二级导师指导的研究相结合来实现的。这些课程构成了由来自不同学科的两位导师指导的密集研究计划的基础。研究员还学习如何准备、提交和审查赠款提案，以及如何向外部资助机构提交其第三年奖学金资助的提案。研究导师包括来自加州大学旧金山分校所有四所学院(医学、护理、药学和牙科)的30名教职员工，他们都有积极的研究项目。导师的研究兴趣包括烟草控制政策的制定和评估，烟草行业作为癌症和其他疾病媒介的研究，烟草行业营销战略，烟草成瘾及其预防和治疗，吸烟和二手烟暴露对健康的影响，无烟烟草，以及基于个人和社区的戒烟。加州大学旧金山分校烟草控制研究和教育中心的研究员的背景和兴趣非常多样化，提供了一个强大的跨学科环境，创造了持续学习和欣赏其他学科同事所做工作的机会。每个研究员的计划是由研究员、他或她的导师以及监督他或她的进展的奖学金咨询委员会单独制定的。委员会还从竞争非常激烈的人才库中挑选研究员：2010年有40人申请4个名额。在R25T的头4年里，我们的研究员在48种不同的同行评议期刊上发表了77篇论文。培训方案积极支持我们的研究员的职业发展和安置：8名助理教授，3名在非政府卫生组织工作，1名在一家健康研究咨询公司工作，1名全职母亲有一个无偿学术背景的小孩。我们使用R25T机制，而不是基于学科的T32，因为我们的计划强调跨学科培训和通过独特的个性化教学计划和指导研究进行交流。 公共卫生相关性：烟草导致35%的癌症死亡，包括肺癌、口腔癌、喉癌、食道癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、子宫癌、子宫颈癌和肝癌。减少这一伤亡的最有效的干预措施是基于已转化为公共政策的强有力的跨学科研究。培训新的专业人员开展和传播与政策相关的高影响力烟草控制研究，对于继续发挥烟草控制对癌症和其他疾病发病率、发病率和死亡率的影响至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this proposal is to continue support of a two-year postdoctoral fellowship that will attract individuals with a strong commitment to transdisciplinary research from a wide variety of backgrounds from medical, biological, social, behavioral, and policy sciences to help build the next generation of scientific leaders in tobacco control. The need for tobacco control experts continues to grow with Congress' recent legislation granting the US Food and Drug Administration authority to regulate tobacco products, passage of health care reform, with its emphasis on disease prevention and the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the world's first public health treaty. Our program is emblematic of the innovative cancer prevention training needed to give young scientists the tools to conduct research in collaborative transdisciplinary settings and to be future leaders in catalyzing the integration of multiple disciplines and translation of science to policy and clinical practice. We have one specific aim: Train postdoctoral fellows who will be qualified and well-positioned to become leaders in the future development and implementation of research-based tobacco control policy and interventions. This aim is met through a combination of transdisciplinary coursework related to health policy, biostatistics, tobacco control policy and prevention and treatment of tobacco-related addiction and disease combined with research directed by a primary and secondary mentor from different disciplines. The coursework forms the foundation for an intensive research program directed by two mentors from different disciplines. Fellows also learn how to prepare, submit, and review grant proposals and submit proposals to external funding agencies for their third year of fellowship funding. Research mentors include 30 faculty members with active research programs from all four schools at UCSF (Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy and Dentistry). Mentors' research interests include tobacco control policy development and evaluation, the tobacco industry as a vector for cancer and other diseases, tobacco industry marketing strategies, tobacco addiction and its prevention and treatment, health effects of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, smokeless tobacco, and individual- and community-based smoking cessation. The great variety in backgrounds and interests of fellows housed in the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education provides a strong transdisciplinary environment that creates continuous opportunities to learn from and appreciate the work done by colleagues working in other disciplines. Each fellow's program is individually developed by the fellow, his or her mentors, and the Fellowship Advisory Committee that monitors his or her progress. The Committee also selects fellows from a very competitive pool: In 2010 there were 40 applications for 4 slots. During the first 4 years of this R25T our fellows have produced 77 papers in 48 different peer reviewed journals. The training program actively supports the career development and placement of our fellows; 8 assistant professors, 3 with nongovernmental health organizations, 1 with a health research consulting firm and 1 full time mother of a small child with an unpaid academic affiliation. We use the R25T mechanism rather than a discipline-based T32 because our program emphasizes transdisciplinary training and communication through unique individually tailored programs of didactics and mentored research. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Tobacco is responsible for 35% of cancer deaths, including lung, oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, bladder, stomach, pancreas, kidney, uterus, cervix, and liver cancers. The most effective interventions to reduce this toll have been based on strong transdisciplinary research that has been translated into public policy. Training new professionals in the conduct and dissemination of high impact policy-relevant tobacco control research is critical to continuing the impact of tobacco control on cancer and other disease incidence, morbidity and mortality.