The Development of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Function

描述(由申请人提供)： 这是一项培训计划的竞争性更新，旨在通过向高资格个人提供必要的技能，为他们进行与心血管和肺功能发展相关的合作研究，为研究职业生涯做好准备。自29年前成立以来，该计划提供了一种深入的研究经验，旨在通过受训人员与生物医学科学多个领域的知名研究人员直接联系，教授科学调查的基本原理。受训者需要2-3年的时间参与所有的研究活动，并在培训教员的直接监督下，对项目承担主要责任。培训教师是耶鲁医学院许多临床和基础科学系的成员，包括儿科、病理学、遗传学、细胞和分子生理学、内科和免疫生物学。除了集中和紧张的研究体验，该项目还有一个核心课程，旨在提供实验设计/分析(基础和临床研究)、数据呈现、生物统计学、拨款准备和伦理科学行为方面的基本技能。大多数受训人员都是从耶鲁大学和其他机构竞争激烈的医生中挑选出来的，他们接受过儿科培训，希望在生物医学研究方面有坚实的基础，以便成为独立的研究人员。虽然该计划强调对模范医生的研究培训，但强烈鼓励寻求心肺研究博士后培训的博士申请，并在最近的资助期间得到支持。由于大多数医师实习生需要临床和研究培训，主要支持这一培训拨款的三个临床部门已经获得了单独的(非NIH)资金，以支持必要的高级临床培训。因此，这笔培训补助金所支持的努力主要用于获取研究技能。此外，项目主任和培训教师将这笔资金视为启动合作生物医学研究的职业发展的工具，而不是完全完成受训者研究培训的机制。因此，我们鼓励学员申请校外资助，以延长他们的研究训练，而他们在获得这类资助方面亦相当成功。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a competing renewal of a training program designed to prepare highly qualified individuals with prior training in developmental medicine for an investigative career by providing them the necessary skills to conduct collaborative research related to the Development of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Function. Since its inception 29 years ago, the program has provided an in-depth research experience intended to teach the fundamentals of scientific investigation by the direct association of trainees with established investigators in a number of areas of biomedical science. Trainees spend 2-3 years participating in all activities of a research experience, and under the direct supervision of a training faculty member, take primary responsibility for a project. Training faculty are members of many clinical and basic science departments in the Yale School of Medicine, including Pediatrics, Pathology, Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Internal Medicine and Immunobiology. In addition to a focused and intense research experience, the program has a core curriculum designed to provide basic skills in experimental design/analysis (for both basic and clinical research), data presentation, biostatistics, grant preparation and ethical scientific conduct. Most trainees are selected from a large, highly competitive pool of physicians from Yale and other institutions who are trained in pediatrics and desire a strong foundation in biomedical research in order to become independent investigators. While the program has emphasized research training for exemplary physicians, Ph.Ds seeking postdoctoral training in cardiopulmonary research are strongly encouraged to apply and have been supported in recent funding periods. Because most of the physician trainees need clinical as well as research training, the three clinical sections that primarily support this training grant have secured separate (non-NIH) funding to support the necessary advanced clinical training. Thus, the effort supported by this training grant is devoted to the acquisition of research skills. Additionally, the program director and training faculty view this grant as a vehicle to initiate career development in collaborative biomedical investigation and not as a mechanism to fully complete an trainee's research training. Thus trainees are encouraged to apply for extramural support to extend their research training, and they have been quite successful in obtaining such support.