MRSA in Children: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention

描述（由申请人提供）：这个K23奖将提供亚伦Milstone，医学博士与必要的资源和保护的时间，成为一个独立的研究者进行以病人为导向的研究。除了研究学习，该提案还概述了一个全面的职业发展计划，包括流行病学，生物统计学和临床试验方法的高级课程，以及与教师咨询委员会相结合的国家卫生保健流行病学领导者的指导。该奖项的研究部分将重点关注儿童中的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），重点是社区相关MRSA（CA-MRSA）菌株。由于CA-MRSA菌株助长了MRSA的流行，MRSA的影响和控制需要进一步研究。CA-MRSA菌株正在进入医院，传播给儿童，并导致医院获得性感染和医院爆发。儿童MRSA感染的临床谱已得到很好的描述。然而，MRSA在儿童中定植和传播的流行病学和影响还没有得到很好的表征。此外，CA-MRSA菌株的毒力和传播性仍不清楚。儿科重症监护病房（PICU）为MRSA的流行病学、致病机制和预防研究提供了适宜的环境。拟议的研究将1）测量MRSA定植的患病率和儿科人群中MRSA传播的发生率，并确定各种MRSA菌株的分布; 2）确定不同MRSA菌株定植的儿童中MRSA感染的风险; 3）评估患者每天用洗必泰洗澡作为减少MRSA传播的可行策略的有效性。这些研究将利用约翰霍普金斯医院流行病学部和临床微生物学实验室的资源。我们预计，这些研究将作为评估多重耐药细菌对儿科人群影响的模型，并有助于指导住院儿童感染预防策略的资源分配。未来的研究将使用细菌分离株及其相关临床数据的档案，以进一步表征各种MRSA菌株的致病性。相关性：MRSA是美国和世界各地疾病和死亡的重要原因。由于对成人的研究显示，MRSA相关的经济成本和死亡率增加，因此MRSA在儿童中的流行病学和影响需要进一步研究。需要进行合理的流行病学调查和创新可行的干预措施来控制MRSA传播和预防MRSA疾病。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K23 award will provide Aaron Milstone, MD with the necessary resources and protected time to become an independent investigator performing patient-oriented research. In addition to the research studies, this proposal outlines a comprehensive career development program, including advanced coursework in epidemiology, biostatistics, and clinical trial methods and mentorship from a national leader in healthcare epidemiology in combination with a faculty advisory committee. The research component of this award will focus on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in children with an emphasis on community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains. As CA-MRSA strains fuel an MRSA epidemic, the impact and control of MRSA requires further study. CA-MRSA strains are entering the hospital, being spread to children, and causing hospital-acquired infections and hospital outbreaks. The clinical spectrum of MRSA infection in children is well described. However, the epidemiology and impact of MRSA colonization and transmission in children is not well characterized. In addition, the virulence and transmissibility of CA-MRSA strains remains unclear. The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) provides an environment amendable to studying the epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention of MRSA. The proposed studies will 1) measure the prevalence of MRSA colonization and the incidence of MRSA transmission in a pediatric population and determine the distribution of various MRSA strains; 2) determine the risk of MRSA infection in children colonized with different MRSA strains; and 3) assess the efficacy of bathing patients daily with chlorhexidine as a feasible strategy to reduce MRSA transmission. These studies will utilize the resources of The Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Hospital Epidemiology and the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. We anticipate that these studies will serve as a model for assessing the impact of multidrug-resistant bacteria in a pediatric population, and help guide the allocation of resources towards infection prevention strategies in hospitalized children. Future studies will use the archive of bacterial isolates and their associated clinical data to further characterize the pathogenicity of various MRSA strains. RELEVANCE: MRSA is a significant cause of disease and death in the United States and around the world. Because studies in adults show increased financial costs and mortality associated with MRSA, the epidemiology and impact of MRSA in children requires further study. Sound epidemiologic investigation and innovative and feasible interventions are needed to control MRSA transmission and prevent MRSA disease.