National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System

描述(由申请人提供)：国家艾滋病毒行为监测系统(NHBS)的目标是调查艾滋病毒风险、检测和预防服务，以便设计和评估纽约市和整个美国的艾滋病毒预防工作。纽约市卫生和精神卫生部门(DOHMH)建议对艾滋病毒感染历史高危人群中的艾滋病毒风险进行一项持续的、周期性的横断面研究，以实现这一目标。NHBS将包括定性的人种学研究、定量的调查研究，以及2011至2015年间对三个高危人群的艾滋病毒和补充传染病测试：男男性行为者(MSM)、注射吸毒者(IDU)和艾滋病毒感染风险增加的异性恋者(HET)。卫生部建议在2011年和2014年研究MSM，在2012年和2015年研究IDU，并在2013年研究HRH。此外，卫生部建议在2011年对男男性接触者进行研究的同时对变性妇女进行研究。NHBS的量化调查将包括四个领域的问题：人口统计、艾滋病毒危险行为、艾滋病毒检测和艾滋病毒预防服务的使用。卫生部将通过场馆抽样(男男性接触者周期)和被调查者驱动抽样(IDU和HET周期)对目标人群成员进行抽样。卫生部将在这些周期内完成至少500名男男性接触者和注射吸毒者的NHBS调查，并在该周期内完成450名HET调查，在五年项目期内总共至少进行2450次调查。卫生部将进行艾滋病毒检测，以估计每个目标人群的艾滋病毒流行率(通过Western Blot诊断检测)和艾滋病毒发病率(通过失谐分析STARHS检测)。此外，卫生部将在所有研究周期内进行乙肝、丙型肝炎、单纯疱疹病毒-2和梅毒的检测。卫生部还将在第一个拨款年度对200名变性人妇女进行调查，并对所有研究参与者进行上述所有检测(艾滋病毒、乙肝病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、单纯疱疹病毒2型和梅毒)。在NHBS的整个研究中，卫生部将与社区合作伙伴合作，包括当地的艾滋病毒预防规划小组、艾滋病毒规划委员会和联邦资助的社区组织。卫生部还将与具有目标人群知识和定性研究方法专长的当地研究人员合作，对三个目标人群进行形成性定性研究，为主要数据收集阶段提供信息和支持。最后，卫生部将对NHBS系统进行评估，以完善艾滋病毒行为监测的方法，并将对NHBS数据进行分析，以描述目标人群并调查关于艾滋病毒风险的具体研究问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) is to investigate HIV risk, testing, and prevention services in order to design and evaluate HIV prevention efforts in New York City and throughout the United States. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) proposes to conduct an ongoing, cyclical, cross-sectional research study of HIV risk among populations with historically high risk of HIV infection to accomplish this objective. NHBS would include qualitative ethnographic research, quantitative survey research, and HIV and supplemental infectious disease testing of three high-risk populations between 2011 and 2015: men who have sex with men (MSM), injection drug users (IDU), and heterosexuals at increased risk for HIV infection (HET). DOHMH proposes to study MSM in 2011 and 2014, IDU in 2012 and 2015, and HRH in 2013. Additionally, DOHMH proposes to study transgender women concurrently with the study of MSM in 2011. The NHBS quantitative survey would include questions in four domains: demographics, HIV risk behaviors, HIV testing, and the use of HIV prevention services. DOHMH will sample members of the target population through venue-based (MSM cycles) and respondent-driven sampling (IDU and HET cycles). DOHMH will complete NHBS surveys with a minimum of 500 MSM and IDU during those respective cycles and 450 HET during that cycle, for a total minimum of 2,450 surveys over the five year project period. DOHMH will conduct HIV testing to estimate HIV prevalence (through Western Blot diagnostic testing) and HIV incidence (through detuned assay STARHS testing) of each target population. Additionally, DOHMH will conduct testing for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus-2, and syphilis during all study cycles. DOHMH will also survey 200 transgender women during the first grant year, and conduct all testing listed above (HIV, HBV, HCV, HSV2, and syphilis) all study participants. Throughout the NHBS research study, DOHMH will collaborate with community partners including the local HIV Prevention Planning Group, HIV Planning Council, and federally-funded community-based organizations. DOHMH will also collaborate with local researchers with knowledge of the target populations and with expertise in qualitative research methods to conduct formative qualitative research on the three target populations to inform and support the main data collection phase. Finally, DOHMH will conduct evaluations of the NHBS system to refine the methods of HIV behavioral surveillance and will conduct analyses of NHBS data to describe the target populations and to investigate specific research questions on HIV risk.