A Multidimensional Model of Parental Social Cognitive Processes: Implications for

描述(由申请人提供)：社会认知过程在育儿的关键方面(即，反应参与、管教)发挥核心作用，这些方面是儿童社会和情感发展的核心因素，也是育儿干预的目标。父母有偏见的社会认知过程干扰了父母准确感知和解释孩子行为的能力。这种偏见增加了养育问题的可能性(例如，低响应参与、无效的管教)，以及负面的儿童结果。到目前为止，研究主要强调父母社会认知过程的个体维度；因此，关于父母社会认知过程的多个维度如何共同作用于育儿的多个核心要素，人们知之甚少。在建议的R21探索性/发展研究中，我们验证了父母社会认知过程的多维模型，该模型与父母养育的两个关键维度：反应参与和管教有关。在理论和研究的基础上，我们提出了一个由社会信息加工(编码、认知灵活性和归因)和社会认知集(图式、目标和自我效能感)两个维度组成的父母社会认知过程的整合模型。该模型描绘了父母社会认知过程的个体维度，并提出了特定社会认知成分(即社会信息加工、社会认知集合)和父母教养的关键方面(即反应性参与和管教)之间的差异化联系的假设，这将重要地促进对促进性和问题父母养育的基础的认识。我们将招募270名学龄前儿童的母亲作为样本，她们在育儿行为方面是不同的，并根据与育儿有关的关键人口统计特征(即种族和贫困状况)进行分层。我们将a)测试所提出的父母社会认知模型的有效性，b)检验父母社会认知模型与育儿方式的关联，以及c)对该模型在关键人口统计亚群中的适合性进行探索性分析。对一个整合的、多维的社会认知过程模型进行严格的模型测试，将为了解社会对育儿的认知与育儿的关键维度之间的关系提供有价值的见解。通过按族裔和贫困状况分层的样本进行验证，确保将拟议的父母社会认知模型应用于不同的家庭。建议的研究为未来通过整合目标社会认知过程来加强现有育儿干预的计划研究奠定了基础。因此，这是旨在提高对代表性不足人群的育儿干预措施的有效性的研究方案的第一步，符合国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所的战略重点，即研究家庭对儿童发展的影响和确定造成健康差距的机制。 公共卫生相关性： 这项研究验证了一个完整的、多维的母亲社会认知模型，并考察了不同的社会认知过程与育儿方式中与儿童社会和情绪发展相关的关键维度的关系。通过种族和社会经济多样性的样本验证父母社会认知过程的多维模型，将以广泛适用的方式增加对与父母养育行为相关的因素的理解，这些因素与胜任和破坏性的儿童结果有关。这些信息可能会产生新的社会认知目标，嵌入到现有的育儿干预措施中，这可能会增强这些干预措施对传统上从这些方法中受益最少的家庭的有效性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Social cognitive processes play a central role in key dimensions of parenting (i.e., responsive involvement, discipline) that are core contributors to children's social and emotional development and targets of parenting interventions. Biased parental social cognitive processes interfere with parents' ability to accurately perceive and interpret children's behavior. Such biases increase the likelihood of problematic parenting (e.g., low responsive involvement, ineffective discipline), and negative child outcomes. Research to date has primarily emphasized individual dimensions of parental' social cognitive processes; as a result, little is known about how multiple dimensions of parental social cognitive processing operate together to contribute to the multiple core elements of parenting. In the proposed R21 exploratory/developmental study, we validate a multi-dimensional model of parental social cognitive processes in relation to two key dimensions of parenting: Responsive Involvement and Discipline. Drawing on theory and research, we propose an integrated model of parental social cognitive processes comprised of two broad dimensions: Social information processing (encoding, cognitive flexibility, and attributions) and Social cognitive set (schemas, goals, and self-efficacy). The proposed model's delineation of individual dimensions of parental social cognitive processes and hypotheses proposing differentiated associations between specific social cognitive components (i.e., social information processing, social cognitive set) and key aspects of parenting (i.e., responsive involvement and discipline) will importantly advance knowledge on substrates of promotive and problematic parenting. We will recruit a sample of 270 mothers of preschoolers who are heterogeneous with regards to parenting behaviors and stratified on key demographic characteristics related to parenting (i.e., ethnicity and poverty status). We will a) test the validity of the proposed parental social cognitive model, b) examine the association of the parental social cognitive model to parenting, and c) conduct exploratory analyses on fit of the model across key demographic subgroups. Rigorous model testing of an integrated, multi-dimensional model of social cognitive processes will provide valuable insights into how social cognitions about parenting relate to key dimensions of parenting. Validation with a sample stratified on ethnicity and poverty status ensures application of the proposed parental social cognitive model to diverse families. The proposed study provides the foundation for planned future study on enhancement of existing parenting interventions via integration of targeted social cognitive processes. Thus this is the first step in a program of research designed to increase effectiveness of parenting interventions for underrepresented populations and is consistent with the strategic priorities of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development for research focusing on familial influences on child development and identification of mechanisms contributing to health disparities. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study validates an integrated, multidimensional model of maternal social cognition and examines relation of distinct social cognitive processes to key dimensions of parenting associated with child social and emotional development. Validation of a multi-dimensional model of parental social cognitive processes with an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample will increase understanding of factors related to parenting behaviors associated with competent and disruptive child outcomes in a broadly applicable manner. This information may generate novel social cognitive targets to be embedded into existing parenting interventions, which may enhance their effectiveness for families who have traditionally benefited least from these approaches.