New Technologies, Novel Diseases; Industrial Illness in 20th Century Rayon Manufa

描述(由申请人提供)： 这个提议的项目的目的是完成一本书本长度的学术专著《新技术，新疾病：20世纪人造丝制造业的工业疾病》。它将考察一个定义明确的行业采用独特的制造工艺与严重疾病的广泛爆发有着千丝万缕的联系，这种疾病的持续表现成为其劳动力中的地方性疾病。这一行业横跨整个20世纪，在整个时期内继续引发工业疾病。这一案例研究提出了一个中心问题：当一项新技术导致新的不利健康影响时，有效预防措施的障碍和促进因素是什么？这本专著分为六个主要章节，将综合知识史(技术创新和医学对一种新危险的认识)、政治-经济史(研究早期甚至是典型的跨国企业)和社会史(粘胶既是关键的战争物资，也是大众销售的消费品)。该分析将采用历史叙事方法，以粘胶行业中二硫化碳引起的职业病为例进行研究。学习材料将来自：对初级出版的医学材料(包括期刊文章、教科书和科学会议记录)的系统调查；初级法规和其他政府材料(包括劳动监察数据)；其他出版的材料(如工业历史和传记来源)；档案和其他资源(例如，与社会历史方面有关的材料，如流行文化的文物)。新技术的引入、毒性的出现、生物医学的承认、关于该问题的知识的传播以及行业、受影响的员工和政府机构的反应都将被考虑。目标受众包括：职业和环境健康临床医生和公共卫生从业者；医学、技术、科学研究、社会研究和经济学的历史学家；以及政策制定者和监管者。拟议的项目具有重要意义，因为它涉及职业健康方面一个未得到充分研究的专题的跨国历史，对疾病预防具有重要的当代影响。这一项目与公共卫生的相关性源于如何更好地吸取过去的教训，以便及时为我们的保护战略提供信息，特别是在新技术带来的新威胁方面。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this proposed project is to complete a scholarly, book-length monograph, "New Technologies, Novel Diseases: Industrial Illness in 20th Century Rayon Manufacturing." This will examine the manner in which a well-defined industry employing a unique manufacturing process was inextricably linked to a widespread outbreak of severe disease with continuing manifestations of toxicity that became endemic within its workforce. This industry spanned the entirety of the 20th century, continuing to cause industrial illnesses throughout this period. This case study poses the central question: When a new technology leads to novel adverse health effects, what are the barriers to and promoting factors for effective preventive measures? This monograph, in six principal chapters, will integrate intellectual history (technological innovation and the medical recognition of a novel hazard), political-economic history (studying what was an early and even prototypical multinational enterprise), and social history (viscose being both a key war materiel and a mass-marketed consumer product). The analysis will approach carbon disulfide-caused occupational disease in the viscose industry as a case study, employing an historical narrative approach. Study materials will be derived from: systematic survey of primary published medico-scientific materials (including journal articles, textbooks, and scientific meeting proceedings); primary regulatory and other governmental materials (including labor inspection data); other published materials (such industrial histories and biographical sources); archival and other resources (for example, material related to social historical aspects, such as artifacts of popular culture). The introduction of new technologies, the emergence of toxicity, its biomedical recognition, the dissemination of knowledge regarding the problem, and the responses of the industry, affected employees, and governmental agents, will all be considered. The target audience includes: occupational and environmental health clinicians and public health practitioners; historians of medicine, technology, science studies, social studies, and economics; and policy makers and regulators. The proposed project is significant because it addresses the transnational history of an understudied topic in occupational health with important contemporary implications for disease prevention. The relevance of this project to public health arises from the ways in which learning the lessons of the past better informs our protective strategies going forward in time, particularly insofar as emerging threats from novel technologies are concerned.