Alternative Pathways to Retirement

说明(由申请人提供)：考虑到退休的不同途径对于设计有效的养老金改革非常重要，这对于保证养老金制度的财务稳定是必要的。例如，如果个人可以通过残疾或失业保险计划退休，那么提高法定退休年龄或削减提前退休福利不太可能扭转提前退休的趋势。我们项目的目标是了解促使个人提前退休的(财务)激励因素，考虑到所有可用的退休渠道和其他可能影响近老年工人参与决策的因素。该项目将利用个人行政数据，其中包含有关1972年至2007年期间奥地利所有地区的收入和就业历史的详细信息。鉴于我国社会保障体系的特点和老龄化人口结构的相似性，我们的研究成果可以很大程度上适用于其他工业化国家。详细的行政数据和一系列国家养老金改革的政策变化为我们提供了一个独特的机会，让我们以在美国环境下不可能的方式了解个人的退休决定。由于奥地利的许多改革模仿了目前世界各地政策制定者正在辩论的政策变化，研究它们的影响可以产生重要的见解，以指导包括美国在内的其他几个国家的社会保障、残疾保险和失业保险改革。 公共卫生相关性：考虑到退休的不同途径对于设计有效的养老金改革非常重要，这对于保证养老金制度的财务稳定是必要的。我们项目的目标是了解促使个人提前退休的激励因素，同时考虑到所有可用的退休渠道，包括残疾保险、失业保险和部分退休。我们将简化形式和结构方法结合起来，使用奥地利人口普查的行政数据，结合一系列养老金改革的准实验变量，来解决这个问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Accounting for different pathways to retirement is important for designing effective pension reforms, which are necessary to guarantee the financial stability of the pension system. For example, raising the statutory retirement age or cutting early retirement benefits are unlikely to reverse trends in early retirement if individuals can retire through the disability or unemployment insurance programs instead. The goal of our project is to understand the (financial) incentives that induce individuals to retire early, taking into account all available retirement channels and other factors that may affect the participation decisions of near-elderly workers. The project will make use of individual administrative data, which contains detailed information regarding earnings and employment histories, covering all of Austria in the period 1972 to 2007. Given the similarity in characteristics of the social security system and the aging population structure, our results can be applied largely to other industrialized countries. The combination of detailed administrative data and policy variation from a series of national pension reforms presents us with a unique opportunity to learn about individuals' retirement decisions in ways that are impossible in a U.S. setting. Because many of the Austrian reforms mimic policy changes that are currently debated by policymakers around the world, studying their effects can yield important insights to guide social security, disability insurance and unemployment insurance reforms in several other countries, including the United States. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Accounting for different pathways to retirement is important for designing effective pension reforms, which are necessary to guarantee the financial stability of the pension system. The goal of our project is to understand the incentives that induce individuals to retire early, taking into account all available retirement channels, including disability insurance, unemployment insurance and partial retirement. We combine both reduced form and structural methods, using administrative data from the census of Austrians combined with quasi- experimental variation from a series of pension reforms, to address this question.