Analysis of Tobacco Industry Documents

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟仍然是主要的可预防的死亡原因，占55岁以下人群中所有癌症的三分之一和近三分之二的心脏病。减少烟草引起的疾病需要了解其载体烟草业如何维持有利于吸烟的社会和政策环境。为了了解一种微生物，我们可以研究它的基因组；烟草业的“基因组”是其研究和决策的书面记录，其形式是超过5100万页以前保密的烟草业内部文件。这一应用扩展了我们目前的工作，以解决烟草业在新兴的美国和全球监管环境中对科学和政策制定的影响，并从烟草业针对年轻人和妇女的促销策略中学习，以制定改进的对策。具体目标是：(1)描述和评估烟草业影响科学行为、解释和传播的不断演变的战略，以及烟草业如何利用这些战略反对烟草控制政策，特别强调这些努力如何与美国食品和药物管理局及其其他国家同行制定的新兴国家和国际产品法规相关联。(2)分析不断演变的烟草业战略，以反对地方、州和国际层面的烟草控制政策，包括破坏世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约实施的努力。(3)分析针对年轻人和妇女的烟草营销和广告战略，重点是确定可用于为这些群体制定更有效的烟草预防和戒烟战略的原则。(4)继续查找和收集与本项目其他目标相关的烟草业文件，并通过互联网免费提供给其他调查人员和公众。虽然本研究系统地使用数字化烟草业文件作为数据来源，但我们也将与其他来源（包括政府记录、对文件中讨论的问题的媒体报道、学术文献和对关键线人的采访）进行三角测量，以确认文件中描述的计划是否得到了实际实施，并评估其效果。这项研究的结果将指导制定更加知情和有效的烟草控制战略，这将有助于减少烟草使用及其相关的疾病和死亡负担。公共卫生相关性：吸烟是导致死亡的主要可预防原因，55岁以下人群中有三分之一的癌症和近三分之二的心脏病是由吸烟引起的。减少这种疾病负担需要了解烟草业如何维持有利的社会和政策环境来促进吸烟，以便公共卫生专业人员能够制定和实施有效的计划来预防吸烟和促进戒烟。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death, accounting for one-third of all cancers and nearly two-thirds of heart disease among people under 55. Reducing tobacco-induced disease requires understanding how its vector, the tobacco industry, maintains a social and policy environment favorable to smoking. To understand a microbe, one might study its genome; the tobacco industry's "genome" is its written record of research and decision making in the form of over 51 million pages of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents. This application extends our current work to address tobacco industry influence on science and policy making in the emerging US and global regulatory environment, and to learn from the industry's promotional strategies targeting young adults and women to develop improved counter-measures. Specific aims are: (1) Describe and assess the tobacco industry's evolving strategies to influence the conduct, interpretation, and dissemination of science and how the industry has used these strategies to oppose tobacco control policies, with particular emphasis on how these efforts relate to emerging national and international product regulations by the US Food and Drug Administration and its counterparts in other countries. (2) Analyze evolving tobacco industry strategies to oppose tobacco control policies at the local, state, and international level, including efforts to undermine implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. (3) Analyze tobacco marketing and advertising strategies aimed at young adults and women, with an emphasis on identifying principles that can be applied to develop more effective tobacco prevention and cessation strategies for these groups. (4) Continue to locate and collect tobacco industry documents relevant to the other Aims of this project and make them freely available to other investigators and the public via the Internet. While this research makes systematic use of digitized tobacco industry documents as a data source, we will also triangulate with other sources (including government records, media coverage of issues discussed in the documents, the academic literature and interviews with key informants) to confirm whether plans described in the documents were actually implemented and to assess their effect. Results of this research will guide the development of more informed and effective tobacco control strategies which will help reduce tobacco use and its associated burden of disease and death. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death, accounting for 1/3 of all cancers and nearly 2/3 of heart disease among people under 55. Reducing this burden of disease requires understanding how the tobacco industry maintains a favorable social and policy environment to promote smoking so that public health professionals can develop and implement effective programs to prevent smoking and promote cessation.