Reading processes in skilled and less skilled profoundly deaf adult readers

描述(由申请人提供)：该项目的目标是更好地了解以美国手语为主要交流方式的聋人读者是如何严重和深刻地处理书面语言的。在过去的几十年里，有研究表明，聋人的识字水平大大低于听力正常的人。对聋人高中毕业生样本的大规模研究表明，聋人高中毕业生的阅读水平中值约为3-4年级，5%的年轻聋人成年人阅读能力强，阅读水平与听力水平相当或高于听力水平的同龄人(Gallaudet Research Institute，2004)。对听力读者的研究为熟练阅读背后的认知过程提供了一幅深入的图景(Rayner等人。2001年；回顾)。然而，对聋人读者的研究还没有完全探索熟练阅读是如何发生的。在聋人读者中进行的大部分研究都集中在技能较低的读者所经历的问题上(Kelly&Barac-Cikoja，2007)。重要的是，很少有研究系统地控制阅读水平，比较聋人参与者熟练和不熟练的阅读水平。熟练的聋人读者只占聋人人口的一小部分(Kelly&Barac-Cikoja，2007)。尽管如此，似乎有必要专门调查这些读者，将他们的行为与技能较低的聋人读者进行比较，但也要与更知名的人群，如熟练的听力读者进行比较，以便了解哪些因素导致聋人群体具有熟练的阅读能力。将进行一系列研究；每一项研究都旨在解决与熟练的聋人阅读有关的不同加工水平的具体问题：副中央凹视觉中的信息知觉加工、阅读过程中的注意力分配、单词层面的语音和语义加工、邻域效应、利用上下文限制单词加工和句法加工。在静默阅读过程中将收集眼动数据。目前，在自然阅读的情况下，几乎没有任何信息可用，聋人读者的眼球运动受到监测。因此，本提案将填补文献中的一个很大空白。最重要的是，鉴于聋人普遍面临巨大的识字困难，该项目具有重大的社会意义。该项目将有助于更好地了解聋人群体的阅读过程，并为这一群体提供更好的阅读教育实践。 与公共健康相关：鉴于聋人普遍面临巨大的识字困难，拟议的项目将调查技术熟练和技能较低的严重聋人成年读者的阅读过程，并将这些过程与熟练听力读者的阅读过程进行比较。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed project is to better understand how severely and profoundly deaf readers who use American Sign Language as their main communication mode process written language. Over the past decades, it has been shown that literacy levels in the deaf population have been dramatically lower than in their hearing counterparts. Large scale studies across samples of deaf high-school graduates have shown that the median reading level is around 3 -4 grade and that 5% of the young deaf adults tested were strong readers and read at grade levels matched or superior to their hearing peers (Gallaudet Research Institute, 2004). Research with hearing readers has provided an in-depth picture of the cognitive processes underlying skilled reading (Rayner et al. 2001; review). Research with deaf readers, however, has not yet fully explored how skilled reading occurs. Much of the research conducted with deaf readers has focused on the problems experienced by less skilled readers (Kelly & Barac-Cikoja, 2007). Importantly, few studies have systematically controlled for reading level, comparing skilled to less skilled reading in deaf participants. Skilled deaf readers constitute a small proportion of the deaf population (Kelly & Barac-Cikoja, 2007). Still, it appears crucial to specifically investigate these readers, to compare their behavior to less skilled deaf readers, but also to better known populations such as skilled hearing readers in order to understand which factors lead to skilled reading in the deaf population. A series of studies will be conducted; each designed to address specific questions concerning skilled deaf reading at various levels of processing: perceptual processing of information in parafoveal vision, allocation of attention during reading, phonological and semantic processing at the word-level, neighborhood effects, the use of context to constraint word processing and syntax processing. Eye movement data will be collected during silent reading. Virtually no information is currently available in natural reading situations with eye movements monitored in deaf readers. The present proposal will thus fill a large gap in the literature. Most importantly, this project is of great societal significance in light of the great literacy difficulties experienced by the deaf population in general. This project will contribute to a better understanding of reading processes in the deaf population and to better reading education practices for this population. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In light of the great literacy difficulties generally experienced by deaf people, the proposed project will investigate the reading processes of skilled and less skilled severely to profoundly deaf adult readers and compare these processes to those of skilled hearing readers.