Race/Ethnic and Sex Differences in Health Behavior Patterns in the United States

描述(由申请者提供)：该项目的主要目标是确定和研究美国成年人如何从事不同的健康行为模式，如吸烟、饮酒、体育活动、预防服务和睡眠时间。我们认为，健康行为不一定是单向度的或和谐的(即，他们承担了所有的健康行为或所有不健康的行为)，相反，健康行为可能形成了不同的不和谐模式(即，他们承担了健康和不健康行为的混合)。我们的目的是了解：种族/民族和性别群体是如何分布在和谐或不和谐的健康行为模式中的，教育模式是否调节了这些关系，以及健康行为模式是否与特定的心理和身体健康结果相关，包括心理困扰、总体健康、身体质量和心血管疾病。我们使用潜在类别分析、2004-2009年全国健康访谈调查(N=159,934)中的22项健康行为指标，以及健康生活方式的社会和人力资本理论来探索健康行为模式的预测因素。我们通过将复杂的技术应用于具有全国代表性的大样本来扩展先前的研究，试图解释健康行为和结果中的种族/民族和性别差异，并在美国国内提供有针对性的多行为干预策略。 公共卫生相关性：我们的研究提供了有关服务不足人群的信息，并使用具有全国代表性的数据来探索健康模式与身心健康之间的关系。这项研究的大样本量使我们能够检查由于方法问题而经常在总体水平上被忽视的群体(即拉美裔美国人和美洲原住民)。该项目的主要目标是确定和检查健康行为(即吸烟、饮酒、体力活动、睡眠时间)如何在美国成年人的不同亚群中形成不同的模式。通过关注健康行为和健康结果之间的联系，我们的结果可以阐明可能从多行为干预中受益最大的群体。我们专注于那些与健康结果建立了关系的健康行为，并用它们来预测自我评估的健康、心理困扰、心血管疾病和体重。考虑到公共卫生干预措施如果针对特定群体可能是最有效的，我们的结果将极大地扩大证据基础，使公共卫生干预措施能够识别并针对具有特定健康行为模式的群体，希望缩小健康差距，改善人口健康。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary goal of this project is to identify and examine how adults in the U.S. engage in distinct patterns of health behaviors, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, preventive services, and sleep duration. We suggest that health behaviors are not necessarily one-dimensional or concordant (i.e., they undertake all healthy behaviors or all unhealthy behaviors), but rather, health behaviors may form distinct discordant patterns (i.e., they undertake a mixture of healthy and unhealthy behaviors). Our intent is to understand: how race/ethnic and sex groups are distributed across concordant or discordant patterns of health behaviors, if education patterns mediate these relationships, and whether health behavior patterns are associated with specific mental and physical health outcomes including psychological distress, general health, body mass, and cardiovascular conditions. We use latent class analysis, 22 measures of health behaviors from the 2004-2009 National Health Interview Survey (N=159,934), and social and human capital theories of health lifestyles to explore predictors of health behavior patterns. We expand upon previous research by applying sophisticated techniques to a large nationally representative sample in an attempt to explain race/ethnic and sex disparities in health behaviors and outcomes, and provide for targeted multi-behavior intervention strategies within the United States. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Our study provides information on underserved populations and uses nationally representative data to explore the relationship between health patterns and physical and mental health. The large sample size in this study allows us to examine groups (i.e. Hispanics, Native Americans) that are often overlooked at a population level due to methodological issues. The primary goal of this project is to identify and examine how health behaviors (i.e. smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, sleep duration) form distinct patterns across sub-populations among U.S. adults. By focusing on the connection between health behaviors and health outcomes, our results could illuminate the groups that might most benefit from multi-behavior interventions. We focus on health behaviors that have established relationships with health outcomes, and use them to predict self-rated health, psychological distress, cardiovascular conditions, and body mass. Given that public health interventions might be most effective if they are tailored to specific groups, our results will substantially expand the base of evidence that will allow public health interventions to identify and target groups with specific health behavior patterns, in hopes of closing health disparities and improving population health.