Assessment, Development and Application of Positive Psychology Science for Cancer

摘要： 这份职业发展申请提出了一种有指导的培训和研究经验，以发展John Salsman博士，作为创新积极心理学发展的独立研究者 癌症预防和控制的结果措施。患者报告的结果(PRO)记录了患者的 对癌症等慢性疾病的影响和评估主观体验的独特视角 不同于生理结果的方式。患者报告结果测量信息系统 (PROMIS)是美国国立卫生研究院的一项路线图计划，旨在为患有广泛疾病的患者改进和标准化PRO 使用最先进的心理测量方法对各种慢性病和人口统计特征进行分析。它是 应用项目反应理论(IRT)建模的雄心勃勃和全面的PRO测量系统 健康状况评估。PROMIS开发并校准了评估情绪困扰的题库， 睡眠-觉醒功能、身体功能、疼痛、疲劳和社会健康。在宣传中仍有一个空白 领域框架，目前没有银行评估积极心理功能(PPF)。随着越来越多的人 在癌症中生存甚至茁壮成长，了解癌症的正向调整和生长是一个重要的 补充对癌症预防和治疗中的损伤、残疾和心理社会发病率的理解 对照研究。萨斯曼博士建议(1)开发新的题库，以实现积极的心理功能 (2)探索PPF题库的效用 通过对一组不同类型的癌症患者进行多项评估，在癌症护理连续过程中进行 和幸存者，以及(3)适应和试点一种干预措施，以促进年轻成人癌症患者的健康 以确定患者和幸存者的可行性和可接受性。结果将导致进一步完善 PPF的创新措施和指导未来干预措施的发展，以最大限度地减少 癌症和增强适应功能。拟议的研究得到了一项培训计划的支持，该计划包括 与多学科同事的互动和临床试验、定性方法、 生物统计学、心理测量学和积极心理学。

Abstract: This career development application proposes a mentored training and research experience to develop John Salsman, Ph.D., as an independent investigator in the development of innovative positive psychological outcome measures for cancer prevention and control. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) capture the patient's unique perspective on the impact of chronic diseases such as cancer and assess subjective experience in ways distinct from physiological outcomes. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is an NIH Roadmap initiative designed to improve and standardize PROs for patients with a wide range of chronic diseases and demographic characteristics using state-of-the-art psychometric methods. It is an ambitious and comprehensive PRO measurement system that applies item response theory (IRT) modeling to health status assessment. PROMIS has developed and calibrated item banks assessing emotional distress, sleep-wake function, physical function, pain, fatigue, and social health. There remains a gap in the PROMIS domain framework, with no current banks assessing positive psychological functioning (PPF). As more people survive and even thrive with cancer, understanding positive adjustment and growth in cancer is an important complement to understanding impairment, disability and psychosocial morbidity in cancer prevention and control research. Dr. Salsman proposes (1) to develop new item banks for positive psychological functioning (PPF) to augment and expand the existing PROMIS item banks, (2) to explore the utility of the PPF banks across the cancer care continuum using multiple assessments with a heterogeneous group of cancer patients and survivors, and (3) to adapt and pilot test an intervention to promote well-being among young adult cancer patients and survivors to determine feasibility and acceptability. Results will lead to further refinement of innovative measures of PPF and guide development of future interventions to minimize the adverse impact of cancer and enhance adaptive functioning. The proposed research is supported by a training plan that involves interactions with multidisciplinary colleagues and formal coursework in clinical trials, qualitative methodologies, biostatistics, psychometrics, and positive psychology.