A new approach to restoring visual acuity and stereopsis in adults and children w

描述 弱视被认为是由异常视觉体验引起的永久性视力下降。 在生命早期，影响到总人口的2%-3%。儿童弱视的主要治疗方法是 在过去的250年里，人们一直在为自己的眼睛打眼罩。打补丁被认为对成年人无效， 很少使用，如果曾经使用过的话。我们的主要目标是开发新的干预措施，将视觉训练嵌入到积极和 对恢复视力和立体视的成人和儿童进行奖励视觉运动任务 并将其与传统的贴片疗法进行比较。 第一个这样的干预是动作视频游戏。这项活动增强了年轻人的视力。 已知弱视眼睛有缺陷的健康眼睛。我们问，玩动作电子游戏是否 可能对恢复弱视眼睛的视觉功能有用。具体地说，我们将开发和测试 定制的视频游戏，使“设计师”的目标呈现。一个重要的目标是促进 双眼之间的协调，因此我们将开发一种新的界面，使用过滤来降级 为了匹配弱视眼睛的水平，图像被发送给同伴眼睛。因此，培训将 要求患者玩具有大致平衡的双眼输入的动作视频游戏。一边玩动作游戏 对于视力正常的年轻人来说，这些游戏在增强视力方面似乎最有效，但这些游戏并不是 适合于儿科人群，因此我们还建议开发和测试一款名为《孩子》的视频游戏 用同样的原则“友好”。 第二个干预直接集中在再训练立体视觉上，是在视觉上引导手部运动 在虚拟现实环境中，我们可以操纵不同的深度线索，患者可以在其中接受 任务中嵌入了隐含的绩效反馈。我们问这个虚拟现实培训是不是 利用了我们之前关于单目和立体线索如何结合来支持深度感知的工作， 可以促进融合和立体视觉。 加州大学伯克利分校和罗切斯特大学的这项联合提案的优势在于我们的结果衡量标准。我们 将评估和量化广泛的视觉功能，包括弱视受试者的立体视觉。我们的 试点数据表明，即使在成年患者中，改善视力和立体视也是一个可以实现的目标。一个 商业化的视频游戏已经与GAME合作，适应了本项目的需要 设计者，并将免费提供给眼科诊所进行随机临床试验，如果该项目是 成功。

DESCRIPTION Amblyopia is considered to be a permanent reduction in vision that arises from abnormal visual experience early in life, affecting 2-3% of the general population. The primary treatment for amblyopia in children, for the last 250 years has consisted of patching the fellow eye. Patching is considered to be ineffective in adults and is seldom, if ever used. Our main aim is to develop new interventions that embed visual training in active and rewarding visuomotor tasks for restoring both visual acuity and stereopsis in adults and children with amblyopia and to compare it to the traditional treatment of patching. The first such intervention is action videogame playing. This activity enhances aspects of vision in young healthy eyes that are known to be deficient in amblyopic eyes. We ask whether action video game playing may be useful in restoring visual functions in amblyopic eyes. Specifically we will develop and test a customized videogame which enables the presentation of "designer" targets. An important goal is to promote coordination between the two eyes, therefore we will develop a new interface that uses filtering to degrade the image being sent to the fellow eye in order to match the level of the amblyopic eye. Training will therefore require patients to play an action video game with roughly balanced binocular input. While action games appear most effective in enhancing vision in young adults with normal vision, these games are not appropriate for pediatric populations, thus we also propose to develop and test a videogame that is "child friendly" using the same principles. The second intervention, focused directly on retraining stereopsis, is visually guided hand movements in a virtual-reality environment in which we can manipulate different cues to depth and in which patients receive implicit performance feedback embedded in the task. We ask whether this virtual reality training, which capitalizes on our previous work on how monocular and stereo cues combine to support depth perception, may promote fusion and stereopsis. A strength of this joint proposal between UC Berkeley and U of Rochester is in our outcome measures. We will evaluate and quantify a broad range of visual functions including stereopsis in amblyopic subjects. Our pilot data suggests that improving visual acuity and stereopsis is an achievable goal even in adult patients. A commercially available video game has been adapted to the needs of this project in collaboration with game designers, and will be made freely available to eye clinics for a randomized clinical trial if the project is successful.