Partner Influence, Self-Control, and Smoking Cessation: A Study Using EMA

描述（由申请人提供）：烟草使用是美国主要的可预防的死亡原因。虽然大多数吸烟者都想戒烟，但大多数戒烟尝试都是不成功的。研究表明，伴侣的支持对戒烟至关重要，但操纵支持提供的研究并不能提高戒烟率。有可能，研究只在一个时间点上从一个伴侣那里观察到的支持行为，并没有捕捉到影响复发和戒断的实际近端伴侣行为。当前应用程序的目的是了解实时伴侣行为如何影响吸烟。中心假设是，一方的行为可以间接影响另一方的吸烟/戒烟行为，通过他们对吸烟者自我控制的影响。该项目的基本原理是，确定影响吸烟的伴侣行为将提供加强戒烟行为干预所需的知识。中心假设将通过追求两个具体目标来验证：1)确定与吸烟近端相关的积极和消极伴侣行为，以及2)确定对吸烟结果适度近端影响的个体差异。在第一个目标下，生态瞬时评估（EMA）将被用来检查伴侣行为对吸烟者瞬时自我控制和随后的吸烟结果的影响。预计积极的伴侣行为（与吸烟无关）将与吸烟者更强的自控力和更好的后续吸烟结果相关。相反，消极的伴侣行为（与吸烟无关）将与较低的自控力和较差的后续吸烟结果有关。在第二个目标下，在基线上测量的个体差异将作为这些影响的调节因素进行测试。预期积极的伴侣行为与改善吸烟结果之间的关联对于关系质量高的吸烟者比关系质量低的吸烟者更强。研究还预计，与低冲动性吸烟者相比，高冲动性吸烟者的消极伴侣行为与较差的吸烟结果之间的关联更强。最后，对于戒烟动机低或尼古丁依赖性高的参与者，自控能力和吸烟结果之间的联系预计会更强。拟议的研究在理论上是创新的，因为它与先前的研究在论证伙伴关系方面有所不同

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of mortality in the United States. Although the majority of smokers want to quit, most quit attempts are unsuccessful. Research suggests that partner support is critical to smoking cessation, but studies manipulating the provision of support do not improve quit rates. It is possible that studie examining perceived support behaviors at only one time point from only one partner do not capture the actual proximal partner behaviors that influence relapse and abstinence. The objective of the current application is to understand how real-time partner behaviors affect smoking. The central hypothesis is that the behavior of one partner can affect the smoking/quitting behaviors of the other partner indirectly, through their influence on the smoker's self-control. The rationale for this project is that identifying the partner behaviors tha influence smoking will provide the knowledge needed to strengthen behavioral interventions for smoking cessation. The central hypothesis will be tested by pursuing two specific aims: 1) identify positive and negative partner behaviors proximally associated with smoking, and 2) identify individual differences that moderate proximal influences on smoking outcomes. Under the first aim, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) will be used to examine the effect of partner behaviors on the smoker's momentary self-control and subsequent smoking outcomes. It is expected that positive partner behaviors (unrelated to smoking) will be associated with greater self-control strength in the smoker and better subsequent smoking outcomes. Conversely, negative partner behaviors (unrelated to smoking) will be associated with lower self-control strength and poorer subsequent smoking outcomes. Under the second aim, individual differences measured at baseline will be tested as moderators of these effects. It is expected that the association between positive partner behavior and improved smoking outcomes will be stronger for smokers with high than with low relationship quality. It is also expected that the association between negative partner behaviors and poorer smoking outcomes will be stronger for smokers with high impulsivity than with low impulsivity. Finally, it s expected that the association between self-control strength and smoking outcomes will be stronger for participants low in motivation to quit or high in nicotine dependence. The proposed research is theoretically innovative because it departs from prior research in arguing that partner behaviors unrelated to the quit attempt are the most important for smoking cessation. The proposed research is methodologically innovative because it involves studying both smoker and partner behaviors proximally through EMA during a smoker's quit attempt, rather than through one person's self-reported assessments at baseline or at follow-up. The proposed research is significant because it is a first step in determining which partner behaviors are in fact consequential for the actor's smoking cessation. Ultimately, such knowledge has the potential to inform enhanced behavioral and social interventions that include changes in partner behavior as a component of smoking cessation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research is relevant to public health because current interventions for quitting smoking are largely unsuccessful in their attempts to utilize th partner's assistance. Understanding how the partner influences smoking cessation requires studying partner behaviors and their influence on smoking in real time. The proposed research will support the development of more efficacious interventions for quitting smoking.