Acculturation, Social Context, Loneliness, and the Development of Alcohol Problems in Latinx Individuals

项目摘要 孤独是一种心理状态，源于感知和期望的社会联系之间的差异。 它是健康问题的一个重要风险因素，包括有问题的饮酒。至关重要的是， 美国人比非拉丁裔白色人感到更孤独， 酗酒问题。然而，孤独的最初前兆和拉丁裔孤独的差异并不是 很好理解此外，目前还不清楚孤独是否是酒精问题的原因，是酒精的后果 问题，或者是恢复的障碍。这个应用程序的目的是确定预测孤独在拉丁美洲 个人和解释之间的联系孤独和发展的问题饮酒在这一人口。 我们将评估一个新的过程模型，解释孤独和酒精问题的发展， 拉丁人。阿尔马过程模型指出，社会语境因素与文化适应性相互作用 预测孤独、饮酒动机和酒精问题的过程。这个问题的核心假设是 在阿尔马过程模型的指导下，研究发现，拉丁裔个体的文化取向之间的冲突 以及周围人的文化取向导致了社会联系的减少， 孤独当感到孤独时，有些人会增加孤独的饮酒来科普孤独。饮酒 避免一种令人厌恶的状态会导致人们更多地关注这种状态，加剧人们的孤独感。 随着时间的推移，更多的孤独饮酒会反馈到孤独的体验中，导致孤独感的升级。 酗酒问题。三个具体目标将为评估这一模式提供结构：（1）确定短- 危险饮酒拉丁人孤独和饮酒的长期预测因素;（2）确定如何 孤独和危险饮酒导致拉丁人酒精问题的纵向发展; 及（3）测试危险饮酒和酒精问题发展的相互影响， 孤独的轨迹随着时间的推移在拉丁人的个人。目标将通过纵向生态 在200名危险饮酒的拉丁人中进行了瞬时评估（EMA）“突发”设计， 社区EMA爆发将在0、6、12、18和24个月每半年发生一次。数据将通过 自我报告、认知行为任务、可穿戴酒精传感器和地理标记。该项目预计将 提供有关社会参与机制，过程和轨迹的详细概念信息 连通性和孤立性。通过对创新的阿尔马过程模型的评价，本研究将为 正式解释拉丁裔在孤独和酒精问题上的差异。此外，该模型预计 具有广泛的影响，因为它适用于许多健康差异人群（例如，第一代大学 学生，性和性别少数群体）。解释这些不同群体中孤独感的来源 将是减轻孤独感和改善人口健康的关键一步。

PROJECT SUMMARY Loneliness is a psychological state arising from a discrepancy between perceived and desired social connection. It is a significant risk factor for health concerns, including problematic alcohol use. Crucially, Latinx individuals in the US experience greater loneliness than non-Latinx White individuals, and those who drink engage in more problematic alcohol use. However, the initial precursors of loneliness and Latinx disparities in loneliness are not well-understood. Moreover, it is unclear if loneliness is a cause of alcohol problems, a consequence of alcohol problems, or a barrier to recovery. The objective of this application is to identify predictors of loneliness in Latinx individuals and explain the link between loneliness and the development of problem drinking in this population. We will evaluate a novel process model that explains loneliness and the development of alcohol problems in Latinx individuals. The ALMA Process Model states that social contextual factors interact with Acculturative Processes to predict Loneliness, Drinking Motives, and Alcohol Problems. The central hypothesis of this research, guided by the ALMA Process Model, is that conflicts between Latinx individuals' cultural orientation and the cultural orientation of those around them contribute to decreases in perceived social connection, leading to loneliness. When feeling lonely, some people increase solitary drinking to cope with loneliness. Drinking to avoid an aversive state will lead people to focus more on that state, exacerbating people's feelings of loneliness. Over time, more solitary drinking will feed back into the experience of loneliness, leading to escalations in problematic alcohol use. Three specific aims will provide structure for evaluating this model: (1) To identify short- term predictors of loneliness and alcohol use in hazardous-drinking Latinx individuals; (2) To determine how loneliness and hazardous drinking lead to the longitudinal development of alcohol problems in Latinx individuals; and (3) To test the reciprocal influence of hazardous drinking and the development of alcohol problems on loneliness trajectories over time in Latinx individuals. Aims will be accomplished using a longitudinal ecological momentary assessment (EMA) “burst” design among 200 hazardous-drinking Latinx individuals from the community. The EMA bursts will occur semi-annually at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Data will be collected via self-report, cognitive-behavioral task, wearable alcohol sensor, and geotagging. This project is expected to contribute detailed conceptual information about the mechanisms, processes, and trajectories involved in social connectedness and isolation. By evaluating the innovative ALMA process model, this research will provide a formal explanation for Latinx disparities in loneliness and alcohol problems. Furthermore, this model is expected to have broad impact because it is applicable to many health disparity populations (e.g., first-generation college students, sexual and gender minority individuals). Explaining the source of loneliness in these diverse groups will be a critical step toward mitigating loneliness and improving population health.