Activity-Dependent Synaptic and Circuit Plasticity

描述（由申请人提供）：大脑通过在其突触处传输信号来处理信息并产生行为，所述突触将神经元连接成巨大的通信细胞网络。这些被称为神经回路的网络不是静态的，而是在整个生命过程中通过经验进行修改。这种神经回路可塑性对于大脑正常发育和执行其所有重要功能（包括学习和记忆）至关重要。然而，当大脑可塑性机制功能异常时，往往会发生毁灭性的精神疾病。因此，神经科学研究的一个主要目标是了解由经验产生的大脑活动改变神经回路行为的详细机制。这在很大程度上是因为神经活动不断调整神经元之间突触通信的效率或强度，这一过程被称为突触可塑性。尽管突触可塑性对大脑发育和高级大脑功能的重要性，但除了通常由细胞内钙水平的活动依赖性变化触发外，对其分子机制知之甚少。该Conte中心将汇集四位领先的研究人员，他们将使用创新的分子筛选方法，结合复杂的生物化学，电生理学和成像分析，以阐明不同形式的突触可塑性以及这些形式的突触可塑性如何改变电路功能的新细胞内信号通路。由该Conte中心产生的对突触可塑性机制的新见解将影响广泛的神经科学家，他们致力于与正常和病理脑功能相关的广泛主题。Conte中心还将为研究界提供新型遗传工具，可用于操纵整个大脑的细胞内信号通路，以及新型转基因小鼠模型，可用于探索不同信号通路和突触可塑性形式在正常和病理行为中的作用。因此，Conte中心将为神经科学研究的最重要领域之一提供技术和知识创新，对我们理解正常和患病的大脑功能具有深远的影响。相关性：神经细胞之间交流的有效性会受到经验的影响，这些变化对所有正常的大脑功能，包括学习和记忆都至关重要。该项目的目标是确定负责这些修改的分子机制。这些信息将导致更好地了解精神疾病的原因，并最终开发出更有效的治疗方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The brain processes information and generates behavior by transmitting signals at its synapses, which connect neurons into vast networks of communicating cells. These networks, known as neural circuits, are not static but are modified throughout life by experience. Such neural circuit plasticity is critical for the brain to develop normally and perform all of its important functions, including learning and memory. When brain plasticity mechanisms function abnormally, however, devastating mental illnesses often ensue. Thus, a major goal of neuroscience research is to understand the detailed mechanisms by which the brain activity generated by experiences modifies neural circuit behavior. This occurs in large part because neural activity continually adjusts the efficiency or strength of synaptic communication between neurons, a process known as synaptic plasticity. Despite the importance of synaptic plasticity for brain development and higher brain functions, relatively little is known about its molecular mechanisms other than it is commonly triggered by activity-dependent changes in intracellular calcium levels. This Conte Center will bring together four leading investigators who will use an innovative molecular screening approach combined with sophisticated biochemical, electrophysiological, and imaging assays to elucidate novel intracellular signaling pathways that underlie different forms of synaptic plasticity and how these forms of synaptic plasticity modify circuit function. The new Insights into synaptic plasticity mechanisms generated by this Conte Center will influence a broad array of neuroscientists working on a wide range of topics related to normal and pathological brain function. The Conte Center will also provide the research community with novel genetic tools that can be used to manipulate intracellular signaling pathways throughout the brain as well as novel transgenic mouse models that can be used to explore the roles of different signaling pathways and forms of synaptic plasticity in normal and pathological behaviors. Thus the Conte Center will provide both technological and intellectual innovations to one of the most important areas of neuroscience research with far ranging implications for our understanding of normal and diseased brain function. RELEVANCE: The effectiveness of communication between nerve cells is modified by experience and these modifications are crucial for all normal brain functions including learning and memory. The goal of this project is to determine the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for these modifications. Such information will lead to a better understanding of the causes of mental illness and eventually to the development of more efficacious treatments.