Global changes in synaptic strength and excitability during sleep andwakefulness

摘要： 睡眠和睡眠状态不仅是人类生活的基础，也是每一种动物的基础 有神经系统。令人惊讶的是，人们仍然不清楚为什么它们如此重要。一 一个令人信服的想法是，突触连接的强度存在全球性的变化， 睡眠期间的兴奋性，其作用是保持突触功能和神经元兴奋性， 突触和神经元的兴奋性可以相对于彼此改变的范围， 允许学习。如果没有发生这种情况，网络功能和行为，无论是在一个 蠕虫或人类会退化最终导致死亡这样的思考， 内环境稳定机制的重要作用在神经科学中越来越突出，但 需要什么来检验关于突触变化的全球模式的假设， 兴奋性是一个模型系统和工具，使我们能够监测单个突触， 神经元广泛存在于活体大脑中。我们建议开发和应用光学工具， 使我们能够检查突触的缩放模式和透明环境中的兴奋性， 斑马鱼模型，我们可以定期和非侵入性地监测这些随着时间的推移 在睡眠和清醒时。我们将使用这些来直接测试全局重置是否 发生在睡眠中。如果睡眠真的涉及到这种重新调整， 专业，不仅是对睡眠的基本了解，我们应该了解的东西， 到目前为止，它还用于在睡眠受损时试图恢复功能状态， 睡眠障碍

Abstract: Sleep and sleep states are fundamental not only to human life, but to every animal with a nervous system. Surprisingly, it is still not clear why they are so important. One compelling idea is that there are global shifts in the strengths of synaptic connections and excitability during sleep that act to keep synaptic function and neuronal excitability in a range where synapses and excitability of neurons can change relative to one another to allow for learning. If this does not happen, network function and behavior, whether in a worm or a human, degrade, leading ultimately to death. Such thinking about an important role of homeostatic mechanisms is moving to the fore in neuroscience, but what is needed to test hypotheses about global patterns of change in synapses and excitability is a model system and tools that allow us to monitor single synapses and neurons broadly in the living brain. We propose to develop and apply optical tools that allow us to examine patterns of scaling of synapses and excitability in the transparent zebrafish model where we can monitor these regularly and non-invasively over time during sleep and wakefulness. We will use these to directly test whether global resetting occurs during sleep. If sleep really involves such rescaling, the implications would be major, not only for a basic understanding of sleep, something that we should understand by now, but also for trying to restore functional states when sleep is impaired as a result of sleep disorders.