How economic and neighborhood factors modify effects of school obesity policies

描述(由申请人提供)：这是对Daniel Taber博士的独立之路奖(K99/R00)的申请，Daniel Taber博士是伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校(UIC)卫生研究与政策研究所(IHRP)的博士后研究员。Dr。 泰伯是一名年轻的研究员，专门研究以学校为基础的政策的影响，这些政策旨在改善饮食，减少儿童肥胖。他还专门研究学校政策有效性中的种族/民族差异。K99/R00奖将使他能够将他的政策研究扩展到学校以外的部门，因为他研究了社区的经济、环境和政策措施(例如，税收、分区法律)如何改变以学校为基础的立法的影响。他提出的研究包括系统动力学建模，旨在模拟不同部门政策的综合效果。许多专家建议将系统科学应用于肥胖政策研究，但系统科学的应用在很大程度上是理论上的。Taber博士在2011年的系统科学与健康研究所(ISSH)接受了系统动力学入门培训，现在提议在这一领域进行深入的培训。他提议的培训将包括：1)在 2)经济和环境政策举措的一对一培训，以及3)研究差异和政策举措的经济方法的一对一培训。为了实现这些目标，他组建了一支具有公共政策(UIC的Jamie Chriqui博士)、经济学(Frank Chaloupka博士，UIC)和系统动力学(Hazhir Rahmanda博士，弗吉尼亚理工大学)专业知识的指导团队。Chriqui博士和Chaloupka博士在研究与药物滥用相关的经济和环境政策方面有数十年的经验，目前正在进行开创性的研究，以研究这些政策是否可以预防肥胖。拉赫曼达德博士是泰伯博士在ISSH的导师，在麻省理工学院获得了系统动力学博士学位，目前正在进行肥胖研究，以研究能量平衡的动力学。Taber博士的导师将指导他完成拟议的研究，其中他将研究社区的经济和环境特征是否会改变以学校为基础的政策的影响(目标1和2)，分析这些特征是否会导致体重状况和政策有效性方面的种族/民族差异(目标3)，以及APPL系统动态，以分析不同部门的政策举措对青少年饮食、体重状况和种族/民族体重状况差异的影响(目标4)。这项研究将构成R01申请的基础，在该申请中，他将设计更密集的系统动力学研究，以研究肥胖政策的影响，他将在本奖项的R00阶段结束前完成这项申请。青少年肥胖在美国是一个巨大的公共健康和经济负担，随着美国人口老龄化，这一负担可能会恶化。研究一直表明，以学校为基础的政策的效果太弱，无法预防青少年肥胖。肥胖政策研究必须扩大到学校之外，以确定针对肥胖的更广泛的经济和环境决定因素的政策是否更有效。 与公共健康相关：青少年肥胖在美国是一个巨大的公共健康和经济负担，随着美国人口老龄化，这一负担可能会恶化。研究一直表明，以学校为基础的政策的效果太弱，无法预防青少年肥胖。肥胖政策研究必须扩大到学校之外，以确定针对肥胖的更广泛的经济和环境决定因素的政策是否更有效。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is an application for the Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00) for Dr. Daniel Taber, a postdoctoral research associate at the Institute for Health Research and Policy (IHRP) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Dr. Taber is a young investigator who specializes in studying the effects of school- based policies that are designed to improve diet and reduce obesity among children. He also specializes in studying racial/ethnic disparities in school policy effectiveness. The K99/R00 award will enable him to expand his policy research to sectors outside of school, as he examines how economic, environmental, and policy measures in the community (e.g., taxes, zoning laws) modify the effects of school-based legislation. His proposed research includes system dynamics modeling designed to simulate the comprehensive effect of policies in different sectors. Many experts have recommended applying systems science to obesity policy research, but the application of systems science has been largely theoretical. Dr. Taber received introductory training in system dynamics at the 2011 Institute on Systems Science and Health (ISSH) and is now proposing to pursue in-depth training in this field. His proposed training will include: 1) formal coursework in system dynamics, 2) one-on-one training in economic and environment policy initiatives, and 3) one-on-one training in economic methods of studying disparities and policy initiatives. To achieve these goals, he has assembled a mentoring team with expertise in public policy (Dr. Jamie Chriqui, UIC), economics (Dr. Frank Chaloupka, UIC), and system dynamics (Dr. Hazhir Rahmandad, Virginia Tech). Dr. Chriqui and Dr. Chaloupka have decades of experience studying economic and environmental policies related to substance abuse, and are currently conducting ground-breaking research to study whether such policies can prevent obesity. Dr. Rahmandad was Dr. Taber's instructor at ISSH, earned his PhD in system dynamics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and is currently conducting obesity research to study the dynamics of energy balance. Dr. Taber's mentors will guide him through his proposed research, in which he will study whether economic and environmental characteristics in the community modify the effects of school-based policies (Aims 1 and 2), analyze whether such characteristics contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in weight status and policy effectiveness (Aim 3), and appl system dynamics to analyze the impact that policy initiatives in different sectors have on diet, weight status, and racial/ethnic disparities in weight status among adolescents (Aim 4). This research will form the basis of an R01 application in which he will design more intensive system dynamics research to study the effects of obesity policies, and he will complete this application by the end of the R00 phase of this award. Public health relevance Adolescent obesity is a substantial public health and economic burden in the United States, and the burden is likely to worsen as the U.S. population ages. Research consistently suggests that the effects of school-based policies are too weak to prevent adolescent obesity. Obesity policy research must expand outside of school to determine if policies that target the broader economic and environmental determinants of obesity are more effective. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Adolescent obesity is a substantial public health and economic burden in the United States, and the burden is likely to worsen as the U.S. population ages. Research consistently suggests that the effects of school-based policies are too weak to prevent adolescent obesity. Obesity policy research must expand outside of school to determine if policies that target the broader economic and environmental determinants of obesity are more effective.