Emotion Management Training: An Innovative Stress Reduction Program

描述（由申请人提供）：职业压力对商业和工业造成重大问题。美国公司每年的损失总额为3000亿美元。长期或强烈的压力对个人的身心健康有负面影响。在1.551亿美国劳动力中，有36%至55%的人表示自己在工作中承受着中度到高度的压力。尽管在过去的二十年里，压力管理项目在工作场所变得很流行，但这些努力对减少职业压力收效甚微。最近的证据表明，当前的压力管理范式应该转向情绪管理方法。情绪管理为工作场所的直接干预提供了强有力的理论和实践基础。此外，情绪智力（EI）研究提供了5个构式（自我意识、社会意识、情绪管理与调节、变化管理、一般情绪与自我激励），这些构式与修正后的Lazarus1压力、应对和情绪模型的评价和应对构式直接相关。本项目将开发一个基于行为改变理论（即社会认知理论）的干预方案，通过改变五种EI结构来改变功能失调的情绪反应。该研究项目将把重点从传统的“生活方式压力和应对”策略转移到使情绪自我管理成为压力和应对过程的关键因素的方法。一个8课时的互动式多媒体培训项目将教授员工情绪管理和人际交往技巧，以帮助减少职业压力的影响。该项目将把成熟的成人教育和e-Learning教学设计策略与行为改变理论结合起来，帮助员工：(a)在遇到压力情况时建立解决问题的方法；(b)学会识别干扰工作关系和工作表现的情绪、消极思想、失控行为和功能失调的情绪反应；(c)培养管理情绪反应的技能，包括外部和内部。在第二阶段，将制定全面的培训计划，并在大规模随机试验中进行评估。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Occupational stress causes significant problems for business and industry. The loss to companies in the U.S. totals $300 billion a year. Prolonged or intense stress has a negative impact on an individual's physical and mental health. Of the 155.1 million Americans in the labor force, 36% to 55% report moderate to high levels of stress at work. Although stress management programs have become popular in the workplace over the last two decades, these efforts have done little to reduce occupational stress. Recent evidence suggests that the current stress management paradigm be shifted to an emotion management approach. Emotion management provides a strong theoretical and practical base for direct intervention in worksites. In addition, Emotion Intelligence (EI) research offers five constructs (i.e., self awareness, social awareness, emotional management and regulation, change management, and general mood and self-motivation) that directly relate to the appraisal and coping constructs of the revised Lazarus1 model of stress, coping and emotion. This project will develop an intervention program based on behavior change theory (i.e., social cognitive theory) that will modify Dysfunctional Emotional Responses through change in the five EI constructs. The proposed research project will shift the focus from the traditional "lifestyle stress and coping" strategies to an approach which makes emotional self-management a key element of the stress and coping process. An 8-session interactive multimedia, training program will be produced to teach employees emotion management and interpersonal skills to help minimize the impact of occupational stress. The project will integrate proven adult education and e-Learning instructional design strategies with behavioral change theory to help employees: (a) develop a problem-solving approach when encountering stressful situations; (b) learn to identify moods, negative thinking, out of control behaviors and dysfunctional emotional responses which interfere with working relationships and job performance; and (c) develop skills to manage their emotional reactions, both externally and internally. In Phase II, the full-scope training program will be developed and evaluated in a large-scale randomized trial.