Outreach

自1974年通过《小岛屿发展中国家法》以来，NICHD一直是小岛屿发展中国家研究的牵头机构。小婴儿猝死综合征是一种原因不明的综合征，定义为一岁以下婴儿猝死，即使在彻底的病例调查、尸检和临床病史回顾后仍无法解释。小岛屿发展中国家是美国新生儿产后死亡的主要原因。根据国家卫生统计中心的数据，2006年小岛屿发展中国家的发病率为0.67/1000活产，比2004年和2005年有所上升。1994年，在美国儿科学会(AAP)建议将仰卧作为一岁以下婴儿最安全的睡眠姿势后，发起了全国回归睡眠公共健康教育活动。胃部睡眠是小儿麻痹症的主要危险因素。该活动提倡让婴儿仰卧入睡，以降低患上婴儿呼吸窘迫综合征的风险。它由美国国立卫生研究院领导，与以下活动赞助商合作：AAP、人权事务高级专员办事处的妇幼保健局、第一支蜡烛/小岛屿发展中国家联盟以及小岛屿发展中国家和婴儿死亡率方案协会。自这项运动开展以来，小岛屿发展中国家在所有种族群体中的比例下降了50%。然而，尽管这项运动总体上取得了成功，但非洲裔美国人和美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民之间的小岛屿发展中国家比率仍然存在差异。NICHD积极支持在这些人口中促进外联的伙伴关系，以降低小岛屿发展中国家的风险。 在过去的几年里，随着尸检和死亡现场做法的改进，该领域已开始使用SUID术语作为小岛屿发展中国家和其他原因不明的婴儿死亡的总称。SUID一词现在比小岛屿发展中国家更常用，因为许多婴儿死亡并不总是被明确诊断为小岛屿发展中国家。因此，该领域正在从讨论小岛屿发展中国家的风险转向讨论婴儿安全睡眠实践。NICHD将与其背靠背睡眠伙伴和其他组织合作，从2010财政年度开始，将小岛屿发展中国家的提高认识运动重新构思为安全睡眠实践运动。这种重新构思的一部分将包括继续努力减少高危人群中的小岛屿发展中国家，但也将纳入与SUID有关的信息和建议。NICHD还必须进行市场研究，以测试修改后的信息和徽标，并与合作伙伴合作，扩大社区外联工作。

The NICHD has been the lead agency for research on SIDS since the SIDS Act was passed in 1974. SIDS is a syndrome of unknown cause and is defined as the sudden death of an infant younger than one year of age, which remains unexplained even after a thorough case investigation, autopsy and review of the clinical history. SIDS is the leading cause of post neonatal mortality in the United States. According the National Center for Health Statistics, the 2006 SIDS rate was 0.67/1,000 live births, an increase in the rate over 2004 and 2005. The national Back to Sleep public health education campaign was launched in 1994 after the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended back sleeping as the safest sleep position for infants younger than one year of age. Stomach sleeping is a major risk factor for SIDS. The campaign promotes placing babies on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS. It is led by the NIH in collaboration with the following campaign sponsors: AAP, Maternal and Child Health Bureau of HRSA, First Candle/SIDS Alliance, and the Association of SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs. Since the launch of the campaign, the SIDS rate has dropped by 50 percent among all racial groups. However, despite the overall success of the campaign, disparities remain in the SIDS rates among African American and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. The NICHD actively supports partnerships that advance outreach within these populations to reduce the risks for SIDS. In the last few years, as autopsy and death scene practices have improved, the field has started to use the SUID term as the umbrella term for SIDS and other infant deaths of unknown cause. The SUID term is now more commonly used than the SIDS term because many infant deaths cannot always be definitively diagnosed as SIDS. As a result, the field is moving away from discussing the risks for SIDS and is moving toward a discussion of safe sleep practices for infants. The NICHD, in collaboration with its Back to Sleep partners and other organizations, will be re-conceptualizing the SIDS awareness campaign into a safe sleep practices campaign beginning in fiscal year 2010. Part of this re-conceptualization will include continued efforts to reduce SIDS among populations at higher risk, but will also incorporate messages and recommendations related to SUID. NICHD will also have to conduct market research to test modified messages and logos and work with partners to expand community outreach efforts.