Multiple Systems of Categorization in Humans and Nonhumans

人类和非人类灵长类动物的多重分类系统 类别学习是人类和非人类动物的一种基本认知功能，也是人类和动物研究的一个热点。拟议的研究将以多种方式整合这些研究传统。它将1）创建范式，让人类和动物的分类密切比较; 2）扩展到灵长类文学的建设性发展，在人类的文学; 3）描述的类别学习系统，从人类的进化; 4）跟踪分类的发展跨越时间的灵长类动物的进化; 5）评估灵长类动物分类的多系统结构; 6）评估灵长类动物使用外显的、基于规则的分类系统的程度; 7）询问灵长类动物是否像人类一样维度化他们的类别和刺激; 8）探索灵长类动物在以下领域的外显认知： 维度规则和假说; 9）为灵长类动物陈述性认知研究打开了一扇新的窗口。这项研究还将提供一些第一批研究，评估动物在没有即时的逐个试验反馈的情况下维持分类的能力，自我指导，用明确的规则连接它们的试验间表现，以及宣布它们正在使用的规则。这些能力是人类在线认知的关键方面。该研究还参与并推进了关于强化作为动物学习中的约束力的辩论。 该研究将通过包括以下研究来推进对人类分类的理解：1）分析外显和内隐分类系统之间的相互作用和竞争; 2）评估跨通道内隐和外显类别学习。这项研究还将挑战基于规则的认知和言语化/语言之间的因果理论联系，通过研究这种联系被打破的非言语物种。这项研究将促进比较，认知和神经科学研究人员之间的对话，通过比较人类和动物的分类能力和局限性，将其与服务于类别学习的大脑系统的差异发展相关联。

MULTIPLE SYSTEMS OF CATEGORIZATION IN HUMANS AND NONHUMAN PRIMATES Category learning is a basic cognitive function for humans and nonhuman animals and a focus in human and animal research. The proposed research would integrate these research traditions in many ways. It would 1) create paradigms that let human and animal categorization be closely compared; 2) extend to the primate literature constructive developments in the human literature; 3) describe the category-learning system from which that of humans evolved; 4) trace the development of categorization across a time depth of primate phylogeny; 5) evaluate the multiple-systems structure of primate categorization; 6) evaluate the extent to which primates use an explicit, rule-based categorization system; 7) ask whether primates dimensionalize their categories and stimuli as humans do; 8) explore explicit cognition by primates in the domain of dimensional rules and hypotheses; and 9) open a new window on primates' declarative cognition. The research will also provide some of the first studies evaluating animals' capacity to sustain categorization in the absence of immediate, trial-by-trial feedback, to self-instruct, to bridge their trial-to-trial performance with explicit rules, and to declare the rule they are using. These capacities are critical aspects of humans' on-line cognition. The research also engages and advances the debate about reinforcement as the binding force in animal learning. The research will advance the understanding of human categorization by including the first studies that 1) analyze the interaction and competition between explicit and implicit systems of categorization; and 2) evaluate cross-modal implicit and explicit category learning. The research will also challenge the casual theoretical link made between rule-based cognition and verbalization/language, by studying nonverbal species in which that link is broken. The research will foster a dialog among comparative, cognitive, and neuroscience researchers, by allowing the comparison of human and animal categorization abilities and limitations to be correlated with the differential development of the brain systems that serve category learning.