SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF NEONATAL MEDICINE

进行临床试验以评估新药、诊断测试、特定疗法或手术干预的益处的个体研究人员在同行评议的期刊上发表他们的结果。虽然不同的研究人员对特定的干预措施进行研究，但他们的研究结果可能与以前的出版商相同，也可能不同。这可能导致难以为从业者选择适当的治疗。例如，如果四项测试抗生素对喉咙痛的影响的研究得出结论，该药物无效，而另外两项研究得出结论，该药物非常有效，五项研究发现该药物实际上会使疾病恶化，临床医生无法确定该药物的有效性。这些相互矛盾的结果需要得到解决，以澄清“集体证据”的方向，使医生能够为患者提供最合适的治疗。 1992年，一个国际科学家小组发起了一个进程，系统地评估和更新关于如何进行医疗实践的现有证据。这些科学家还设想了一种及时传播现有医学实践证据的方法。这种新的统计和综述方法或“系统综述”是一个艰苦的过程，搜索所有已发表的文献，选择 最合适的研究，以系统和无偏见的方式总结研究结果，并以手稿格式撰写研究结果，描述总结结果或“当前最佳证据”。“此类手稿通常由医学期刊或专门的审查小组出版。此次收购的目的是让承包商定期对已发表的诊断测试报告进行高质量的系统审查和荟萃分析，以及新生儿的内科和外科治疗干预。卫生部将向卫生和社会发展研究所提交关于产前医学的报告，并以规定的电子格式向卫生和社会发展研究所提供个别报告，以便在其公共网站上公布。在NICHD网站上提供了带有摘要证据的电子手稿，以帮助美国各地的儿科医生免费访问，指导他们的实践。 通过在联邦网页上发布系统性评论，这将允许美国各地的学生，医疗，外科和护理从业人员免费获得有价值的评论，否则需要付费。这是NICHD的一项独特成就，因为这有助于弥合医学界急需的差距。

Individual researchers, who conduct clinical trials to evaluate the benefits of new drugs, diagnostic tests, specific therapies, or surgical interventions, publish their results in peer-reviewed journals. While various researchers conduct studies on specific interventions, their findings may or may not be the same as those of previous publishers. This can lead to difficulties in choosing appropriate therapy for the practitioner. For example, if four studies testing the effect of an antibiotic for sore throat conclude that the drug was not effective, while two others conclude that was extremely effective, and five studies fmd that the drug can actually worsened the disease, the clinicians are unable to determine the effectiveness of the drug. These contradictory outcomes need to be resolved to clarify the direction of the "collective evidence" to enable doctors to offer the most appropriate therapy to their patients. In 1992, an international group of scientists launched a process systematically evaluating and updating existing evidence concerning how medical practice is carried out. These scientists also conceived a means for timely dissemination of the existing evidence for the practice of medicine. This new statistical and review method or "Systematic Reviews" is a painstaking process of searching all the published literature, selecting the most appropriate studies, summarizing the study results in a systematic and unbiased manner, and writing the fmdings in a manuscript format describing the results of summary or the 'current best evidence.' Such manuscripts are usually published by medical joumals, or specialized review groups The purpose of this acquisition, is to have the contractor periodically perform high quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses on published reports on diagnostic tests, and medical and surgical treatment interventions in the neonatal¿ pprinatal medicine, and provide the individual reports in a specified electronic format to the NICHD for posting on its public website. The electronic manuscript with summary evidence is made available on the NICHD website to help pediatricians across USA to access it freely, guiding their practice. By posting the systematic reviews on a federal webpage, this will allow students, medical, surgical, and nursing practitioners across USA to have FREE access to the valuable reviews, which otherwise would need to be paid for. This is a unique accomplishment for NICHD, since this is helping to bridge a much needed gap within the medical community.