Development of Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Vaccines

今年的主要发现如下。 1.表明，放射减毒子孢子静脉注射到NHP诱导有效的CD 4和CD 8 + T细胞反应的血液和肝脏。确定肝脏中高频率的NK细胞响应于刺激而分泌IFN-γ，从而提供额外的效应细胞用于保护。 单核细胞和树突状细胞可将SPZ抗原呈递给T细胞。 2.完成了一项I期临床试验，在剂量递增研究中评估通过IV途径给予辐照PfSPZ是否安全和具有保护作用。 3.表明减毒疟疾疫苗（PfSPZ疫苗）在疟疾感染的实验性挑战后赋予人类高水平的保护。 4.表明PfSPZ疫苗的剂量对于介导免疫和保护至关重要。

The major discovery this year are as follows. 1. Showed that radiation attenuated sporozoites administered intravenously into NHP induced potent CD4 and CD8+ T cell responses in blood and liver. Established that a high frequency of NK cells in the liver secrete IFN-g in response to stimulation providing an additional effector cell for protection. Furthermore, showed that monocytes and dendritic cells present SPZ antigen to T cells. 2. Completed a phase I clinical trial assessing whether irradiated PfSPZ given by the IV route is safe and protective in a dose escalation study. 3. Showed that an attenuated malaria vaccine ( PfSPZ Vaccine) confers high level protection in humans following an experimental challenge with malaria infection. 4. Showed that the dose of the PfSPZ Vaccine is critical for mediating immunity and protection.