Parenting, Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk Among Young African-American Mothers

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的总体目标是在Lazarus和Folkman的压力和应对交易模型的框架内，更好地了解年轻非裔美国母亲的酒精使用和性传播感染风险。1拟议的研究通过增加有限数量的关于年轻产后母亲的性风险和酒精使用的研究来扩展文献，2-4她们具有性传播感染和重复怀孕的高风险年轻母亲的酒精使用与不一致使用避孕套有关，似乎与压力有关，是少数民族年轻母亲的一种应对手段重要的是，年幼子女的父母酗酒和滥用药物与育儿能力受损、虐待和忽视儿童有关然而，很少有研究探讨年轻母亲的压力、酒精使用和性风险之间的关系。拟议的研究将利用来自NIAAA资助的HIV预防试验（1R01AA018096-01A1）的基线数据，作为补充研究，以测试干预措施在18-24岁的非裔美国酗酒女性中减少性风险行为和性传播感染的有效性。拟议研究的具体目的是：1)在饮酒的年轻非洲裔美国妇女中，比较年轻母亲与无子女妇女的感知压力、酒精使用、性风险行为和性传播感染患病率；2)描述年轻的非洲裔美国母亲围产期酒精使用模式（从孕前恢复，开始怀孕，继续怀孕），并检查可用的应对资源与酒精使用和性风险之间的关系。3)定性描述年轻的非洲裔美国母亲对养育，酒精使用和性风险行为之间影响的看法。拟议中的研究将从父母研究中招募400名参与者，在基线评估中完成额外的音频计算机辅助自我访谈。此外，还将招募50名参与家长研究的母亲参加焦点小组。拟议研究的结果可能有助于设计预防干预措施，以改善年轻母亲及其子女的健康，也可能有助于探索艾滋病毒/性传播感染方案如何以及为什么有效或无效。拟议的研究将是一次宝贵的培训经验，使申请人能够实践、提高和获得新的技能，以支持她的职业目标，即获得大学教员任命和成为性、生殖和围产期流行病学领域的独立研究人员。拟议的培训计划包括整合研究经验，课程和培训，以及拨款撰写经验。拟议的研究也将为未来NIH拨款申请提供重要的试点数据来源。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of the proposed research is to yield a better understanding of alcohol use and STI risk among young African-American mothers, within the framework of Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional Model of Stress and Coping.1 The proposed research extends the literature by adding to the limited number of studies on sexual risk and alcohol use among young postpartum mothers,2-4 who are at high risk of STIs and repeat pregnancy.2 Alcohol use among young mothers is related to inconsistent condom use5 and appears to be related to stress and to serve as a means of coping among young minority mothers.4,6 Importantly, alcohol and substance abuse by parents of young children has been linked to impaired parenting capacity, child abuse and neglect.7 However, very few studies have explored associations between stress, alcohol use and sexual risk among young mothers. The proposed research will utilize baseline data from and serve as a supplemental study to an HIV prevention trial funded by NIAAA (1R01AA018096-01A1) to test the efficacy of an intervention to reduce sexual risk behavior and STIs among alcohol-using African-American females aged 18-24 years. The specific aims of the proposed research are to: 1) Among young African-American women who use alcohol, compare perceived stress, alcohol use, sexual risk behavior and STI prevalence among young mothers relative to non-parenting women; 2) Among young African-American mothers, describe patterns of perinatal alcohol use (resumption from pre-pregnancy, initiation, continuation from pregnancy) and examine associations between available coping resources and alcohol use and sexual risk, and 3) Qualitatively describe young African-American mothers' views on the influences between parenting, alcohol use and sexual risk behavior. The proposed research will recruit 400 participants from the parent study to complete an additional audio computer-assisted self-interview at the baseline assessment. In addition, 50 mothers participating in the parent study will be recruited to participate in focus groups. Findings from the proposed research may be useful for designing prevention interventions to improve the health of young mothers and their children and may also be useful for exploring how and why HIV/STI programs are effective or not. The proposed research will be a valuable training experience, allowing the applicant to practice, enhance and acquire new skills in support of her career goals of obtaining a university faculty appointment and becoming an independent researcher in the field of sexual, reproductive and perinatal epidemiology. The proposed training plan involves integrating research experience, coursework and trainings, and grant writing experience. The proposed research will also provide an important source of pilot data for future NIH grant submissions.