Promoting Capacity Building in Chronic Diseases Research in South America

描述(由申请人提供)：我们正在提议一个新的Fogarty培训计划，该计划以阿根廷临床有效性和卫生政策研究所(IECS)为基础，与哈佛大学公共卫生学院(HSPH)以及布里格姆妇女医院和哈佛医学院(BWH/HMS)的支持教师合作，题为“促进南美洲慢性病研究的能力建设”。这项提案将与正在进行的NHLBI BAA No.NHLBI-HV-09-12，并将巩固和加强阿根廷、智利、巴西南部、巴拉圭和乌拉圭参与COE研究项目的机构网络的研究能力。该项目将在阿根廷培养8名硕士和4名博士生，利用哈佛公共卫生学院丰富的学术环境，汇集优秀的教师导师，提供综合和跨学科的体验和协作互动。尖端的教学培训和指导将培养新一代高技能的调查人员，研究行为和环境风险因素对慢性病的影响，并利用全套流行病学、干预、环境和政策工具 设计、实施和评估最有效的干预措施，以减少有害风险因素的影响，促进保护性行为和环境因素的扩展，并减弱或扭转令人震惊的全球慢性病趋势。主要目标是培养全球慢性疾病研究的能力，方法是培训和指导UBA医学院两年制临床有效性硕士项目的8名硕士学生，IECS/UBA和HSPH的4名博士生，以及来自阿根廷、巴西、智利、巴拉圭和乌拉圭的60名学者，参加慢性疾病研究入门主题的研讨会、讲习班和强化短期课程。该计划最具创新性的组成部分之一将是实施一项新的教师发展计划，该计划将包括在为期5年的培训期间从IECS到HSPH和从HSPH到IECS的教职员工访问。 公共卫生相关性：拉丁美洲人口的几项健康指标在过去50年中有所改善，而且这一趋势仍在继续。特别是，传染病和传染病发病率的减少大大延长了平均预期寿命。随着临床管理负担从急性(成本较低、复杂程度较低)的疾病转向慢性(成本较高、复杂程度较高)疾病，这一好消息也带来了戏剧性的新卫生挑战。这些挑战对拉丁美洲等转型国家尤其重要，在这些国家，不断变化的行为和环境风险正在导致肥胖症、2型糖尿病和相关非传染性疾病的迅速增加，在这些国家，广泛使用昂贵的与药物和设备相关的新型干预措施可能既不实用，也不划算。考虑到这一切，我们提出了一个新的Fogarty培训计划，该计划以阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯的临床有效性和卫生政策研究所(IECS)为基础，并与哈佛大学公共卫生学院(HSPH)密切合作，以促进南美洲非传染性疾病研究的能力建设，重点关注生活方式和环境如何影响高血压、肥胖症、2型糖尿病和相关的终身非传染性疾病。该方案将大大加强Fogarty对了解非传染性疾病的行为和环境决定因素、预防措施和治疗的承诺，重点放在拉丁美洲南锥体地区，该地区由人口处于人口和流行病学过渡不同阶段的中等收入国家组成，其中非传染性疾病占过早死亡和残疾的60%以上。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We are proposing a new FOGARTY Training Program, based at the Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS) of Argentina in collaboration with the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) and supporting faculty at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (BWH/HMS), entitled "Promoting Capacity Building in Chronic Diseases Research in South America". This proposal will be closely linked to the ongoing NHLBI BAA No. NHLBI-HV-09-12 and will consolidate and strengthen the research capacities of the network of institutions participating in the COE Research Projects in Argentina, Chile Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. This Program will train 8 Master and 4 Doctoral students in Argentina, taking advantage of the rich academic environment of the Harvard School of Public Health bringing together outstanding faculty mentors to provide integrated and interdisciplinary experiences and collaborative interactions. Cutting-edge didactic training and mentoring will create a new generation of highly skilled investigators to study the impact of behavioral and environmental risk factors on chronic diseases and utilize the full set of epidemiologic, interventional, environmental, and policy tools to design, implement, and evaluate the most effective interventions to reduce impact of harmful risk factors, facilitate expansion of protective behavioral and environmental factors, and attenuate or reverse the alarming global trends in chronic diseases. The main objectives are to build capacity for global chronic disease research by providing training and mentoring to 8 Master students at the 2-year Masters program in Clinical Effectiveness of the UBA school of Medicine, 4 Doctoral students at IECS/UBA and HSPH, and 60 scholars from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay to attend seminars, workshops and intensive short courses in introductory topics in chronic disease research. One of the most innovative components of this Program will be the implementation of a new Faculty development program that will include faculty visits from IECS to HSPH and from HSPH to IECS along the 5-year training period. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Several health indicators of the Latin American population have improved in the last 50 years and this trend is continuing. In particular, reductions in the incidence of communicable and infectious diseases have resulted in significant increases in average life expectancy. This good news also present dramatic new health challenges as the clinical management burden shifts from acute (less expensive, less complicated) to chronic (more expensive, more complex) disease. These challenges are especially critical for countries in transition such as those of Latin America, in which changing behavioral and environmental risks are producing rapid increases in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related NCDs, and in which widespread use of costly novel drug- and device-related interventions may be neither practical nor cost-effective. Taking all this into account, we propose a new Fogarty Training Program based at the Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and with close collaboration from Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH), to promote capacity building in NCDs Research in South America, focused on how lifestyle and environment influence hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and related NCDs across the lifespan. The Program will add considerable strength and depth to the Fogarty's commitment to understanding the behavioral and environmental determinants, preventive measures, and treatments of NCDs, with focus on the Southern Cone of Latin America that is composed of middle income countries with populations at various stages of the demographic and epidemiological transition and in which NCDs account for more than 60% of premature mortality and disability