Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in PNG

描述(由申请者提供)：该ICBG的总体目标是通过一套综合的计划来改善人类的健康和福祉，该计划致力于描述、评估、合理利用和保护巴布亚新几内亚(PNG)的生物多样性。巴新拥有全球约5%的生物多样性。了解巴新现有的各种生物资源对于管理这些资源、保护对土著文化至关重要的物种以及制定可持续利用战略至关重要。我们的中心假设是，有效的新疗法可以从巴新的生物财富的自然产物中获得。这种疗法可以为当地利益相关者和负责任的巴布亚新几内亚机构提供必要的收入，并激励保护生物多样性。基于大学的药物发现部分将专注于人类免疫缺陷病毒和结核分枝杆菌，而基于行业的药物发现部分将专注于寄生虫病、动物健康和其他治疗目标。药物发现的来源生物将是海洋和陆地微生物以及海洋无脊椎动物。关于巴布亚新几内亚药用植物使用的传统知识的记录和保存将是这项工作的第二个重点。药用植物调查将得到支持传统药物工作组的项目和学生论文的补充，以提供药用植物的药理验证和化学标准化，以及识别新的生物活性分子。这项研究将为合作的科学家和学生提供专业发展、教育机会和技术转让。保护和生物多样性研究将集中在CTFS/Sigeo森林动态图上，该图是在巴布亚新几内亚万昂建立的，是上一个赠款周期成就的一部分。这一地块是研究森林动态、碳汇和气候效应的独特而有力的研究工具。小区活动将把植物学调查与生态系统研究结合起来，包括土壤微生物和小型植物。作为传统医药和植物学调查工作的一部分而开展的外联活动将促进资源的养护和可持续利用，并为利益相关者提供利益。在政府投入下制定的立法倡议促进了科学交流、保护和可持续资源利用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of this ICBG is to improve human health and well being through an integrated set of programs dedicated to the description, assessment, rational utilization, and conservation of biodiversity in Papua New Guinea (PNG). PNG is home to approximately 5% of the world's biodiversity. An understanding of the range of biological resources existing in PNG is essential for their management, for the preservation of species critical to indigenous cultures, and for the development of strategies for sustainable use. Our central hypothesis is that effective new therapeutics can be derived from the natural products of PNG's biological wealth. Such therapeutics can provide needed revenue to local stake-holders and responsible PNG institutions, and an incentive for the preservation of biological diversity. The university-based drug discovery component will focus on human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while the industry based drug discovery component will focus on parasitic diseases, animal health and other therapeutic targets. The source organisms for drug discovery will be marine and terrestrial microbes and marine invertebrate animals. Documentation and preservation of traditional knowledge concerning medicinal plant use in PNG will be a second emphasis of this work. Medicinal plant surveys will be complemented by projects in support of the Traditional Medicines Taskforce, and student theses, to provide pharmacologic validation and chemical standardization of medicinal plants, and the identification of novel bioactive molecules. This research will provide professional development, educational opportunities and technology transfer for collaborating scientists and students. Conservation and biodiversity studies will center in the CTFS/SIGEO forest dynamics plot that has been established in Wanang, PNG, as part of the previous grant cycle's achievements. This plot is a unique and powerful research tool for studying forest dynamics, carbon sequestration and climate effects. Plot activities will integrate the botanical survey with the ecosystem study to include soil microbes and small plants. Outreach activities conducted as part of the Traditional Medicines and botanical survey work will foster the conservation and sustainable use of resources and provide benefits to stake-holders. Legislative initiatives developed with government input promote scientific exchange, conservation and sustainable resource use.