Building evidence for effective and sustainable cigarette warning label policy

描述(由申请人提供)：最近的立法赋予美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)对烟草的监管权力，包括从2012年起为新的健康警告标签(HWL)选择图片图像，该标签将覆盖50%的香烟包装正面和背面。美国的HWL政策与研究相一致，研究清楚地表明，最有效的HWL是突出的，覆盖背包的正面和背面，并包括描绘吸烟后果的图像。然而，图片式HWL的影响“耗尽”，以及图片式HWL促进持续影响的具体特征还没有被仔细研究。图片式HWL政策的关键特征在国家之间的差异允许进行自然实验，以确定它们随时间的相对影响。我们建议在四个国家的成年吸烟者中进行准实验和实验研究，这些政策在关键维度上存在差异，涉及在2012年实施新的图片式HWL内容和设计：1.美国将首次推出图片式HWL；2.加拿大将在全球最长的暴露时期(即11年)后首次更换图片式HWL；3.墨西哥将继续以世界上最高的频率(即每三个月)轮换新的HWL；4.澳大利亚将改变其图画HWL，同时实施禁止在香烟包装(即“普通”包装)上使用品牌形象的创新政策。该项目将利用这一前所未有的机会，系统地审查四个国家在同一年将推出新的图片式HWL政策的变化对HWL政策的影响。我们将通过追求以下具体目标来做到这一点：具体目标1：我们将使用准实验设计，对这四个国家的成年吸烟者进行滚动面板，以确定最容易处理的图画HWL特征是否比需要更大认知努力才能处理的HWL特征对戒烟相关认知、情感和行为的影响更持久。具体目标二：我们将开展一系列有控制的 在同一四个国家的成年吸烟者中进行随机实验，系统地改变他们接触图画HWL的内容和相对于现有HWL的新颖设计，以确定这些操作对认知和情感的影响。该项目汇集了世界领先的烟草HWL政策专家，以扩大基于证据的政策制定的基础，从而涵盖不同HWL政策选项的有效性和可持续性。结果将分发给世界各地的主要决策者，包括美国FDA和美国卫生与公众服务部部长，他们有权修订HWL，以确保公众充分了解烟草使用的危害。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent legislation provides the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with regulatory authority over tobacco, including the selection of pictorial imagery for new health warning labels (HWLs) that will cover 50% of the front and back of cigarette packs starting in 2012. US HWL policy is aligned with research that has clearly demonstrated that the most effective HWLs are prominent, cover the front and back of the pack, and include imagery that depicts the consequences of smoking. However, the effects of pictorial HWLs "wear out", and the specific characteristics of pictorial HWLs that promote a sustained impact have not been carefully studied. Between-country variation in key characteristics of pictorial HWL policies allows for a natural experiment to determine their relative impact over time. We propose to conduct quasi-experimental and experimental studies among adult smokers in four countries with pictorial HWL policies that differ along key dimensions and that involve implementation of new pictorial HWL content and design in 2012: 1. The US will introduce pictorial HWLs for the first time; 2. Canada will change pictorial HWLs for the first tim after the longest period of exposure in the world (i.e., 11 years); 3. Mexico will continue rotatin new HWLs at the highest frequency in the world (i.e., every three months); and 4. Australia will change its pictorial HWLs while simultaneously implementing the innovative policy of prohibiting brand imagery on cigarette packs (i.e., "plain" packaging). This project would capitalize on the unprecedented opportunity to systematically examine the over-time effects of changes to HWL policies in four countries that will introduce novel pictorial HWLs in the same year. We will do this by pursuing the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1: We will use a quasi-experimental design with rolling panels of adult smokers in these four countries, in order to determine whether pictorial HWL characteristics that are easiest to process have a more sustained impact on smoking cessation-related cognitions, affect and behaviors than HWL characteristics that require greater cognitive effort to process. Specific Aim 2: We will conduct a series of controlled randomized experiments among adult smokers in the same four countries, systematically varying their exposure to pictorial HWL content and design that is novel relative to existing HWLs, in order to determine the cognitive and affective impact of these manipulations. This project brings together the world's leading experts on tobacco HWL policy to extend the foundation for evidence-based policy development, so that it encompasses the effectiveness and sustainability of different HWL policy options. Results will be disseminated to key decision-makers around the world, including the US FDA and the US Secretary of Health and Human Services, who have the authority to revise HWLs to ensure adequate public understanding of the harms of tobacco use.