Influence of Self Control on Behavioral Economic Indices and Smoking Behavior

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管吸烟有许多负面后果（例如，健康，社会和经济成本），超过20%的美国成年人继续吸烟。此外，戒烟后复发率通常超过90%，这说明需要了解吸烟的强化特性和复发的潜在诱因。随着这些因素的阐明，它们可以用来为制定更有效的干预措施提供信息。本研究的主要目标是测试自我控制耗尽是否可以作为吸烟失效/复发的前因，检查可能加剧这种影响的背景（即，尼古丁戒断），并测试可能介导吸烟行为增加的新机制（即，卷烟需求和延迟折扣的行为经济指标）。这些目标将通过2 × 2、交叉因子、受试者间设计（N = 132例依赖性吸烟者）实现。在尼古丁剥夺（剥夺vs.无剥夺）和自我控制耗竭（耗竭vs.无耗竭）操作后，将评估结果变量（即，渴望、香烟需求、延迟折扣和吸烟失效/复吸行为）。通过利用吸烟失效/复吸模拟任务，本研究旨在描述自我控制资源和行为经济变量（即，药物需求和延迟折扣）在维持尼古丁依赖中发挥作用。因此，这项研究旨在扩展一个系统的研究路线，有可能推进成瘾理论，并确定新的干预措施的目标。考虑到申请人对自我控制、行为经济学和治疗开发的转化方法学（即，吸烟失效/复吸模拟任务），申请人将访问这些领域的专家的实验室，包括：Roy Baumeister博士（佛罗里达州立大学）、James MacKillop博士（格鲁吉亚大学）、Warren Bickel博士（弗吉尼亚理工大学）和Sherry McKee博士（耶鲁大学）。这些访问将为申请人提供方法培训和合作机会。申请人还将参加高级统计分析研讨会，并完成与其研究相关的研究生课程（例如，行为理论、行为医学和药理学）和职业（例如，授予写作和道德）兴趣。最后，申请人的研究生培训的其余部分将致力于他的研究计划的进一步发展。这将通过完成手稿，继续合作以及在多个科学会议上介绍研究来证明。最终，申请人致力于发展成为一名独立的研究人员，并获得一个有竞争力的博士后奖学金或教师职位，这将允许继续研究自我控制资源和吸烟之间的关系，以及开发新的戒烟干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the multitude of negative consequences from tobacco smoking (e.g., health, social, and economic costs), over 20% of U.S. adults continue to smoke. Furthermore, post-cessation relapse rates typically exceed 90%, exemplifying the need to understand the reinforcing properties of smoking and potential precipitants of relapse. As these factors are elucidated, they can be used to inform the development of more effective interventions. The primary goal of the current study is to test whether self-control depletion may serve as an antecedent for smoking lapse/relapse, examine a context that may exacerbate this effect (i.e., nicotine withdrawal), and test novel mechanisms that may mediate increased smoking behavior (i.e., behavioral economic indices of cigarette demand and delay discounting). These goals will be accomplished via a 2 X 2, crossed-factorial, between-subjects design (N = 132 dependent smokers). Following nicotine deprivation (deprivation vs. no deprivation) and self-control depletion (depletion vs. no depletion) manipulations, outcome variables will be assessed (i.e., craving, cigarette demand, delay discounting, and smoking lapse/relapse behavior). By utilizing a smoking lapse/relapse analogue task, the current study intends to delineate the role that self-control resources and behavioral economic variables (i.e., drug demand and delay discounting) play in maintaining nicotine dependence. Therefore, this study aims to extend a systematic line of research that has the potential of advancing theories of addiction as well as identifying targets for novel interventions. Given the applicant's interess in self-control, behavioral economics, and translational methodology for treatment development (i.e., the smoking lapse/relapse analogue task), the applicant will visit the laboratories of expers in each of these fields, including: Dr. Roy Baumeister (Florida State University), Dr. James MacKillop (University of Georgia), Dr. Warren Bickel (Virginia Tech), and Dr. Sherry McKee (Yale University). These visitations will provide the applicant with methodological training and opportunities for collaboration. The applicant will also attend a workshop on advanced statistical analyses and complete graduate level courses pertinent to his research (e.g., behavior theory, behavioral medicine, and pharmacology) and career (e.g., grant writing and ethics) interests. Finally, the remainder of the applicant's graduate training will be dedicated to the further development of his research program. This will be evidenced by completion of manuscripts, continued collaborations, and presentation of research at multiple scientific meetings. Ultimately, the applicant is devoted to developing into an independent researcher and obtaining a competitive postdoctoral fellowship or faculty position that will allow for the continuation of tis systematic line of research examining the relationship between self-control resources and smoking, and the development of novel smoking cessation interventions.