Neural Correlates of Negative Reinforcement in Adolescence & Substance Use Risk

描述(由申请人提供)：这份K01申请书寻求对我作为一名独立跨学科科学家的发展所必需的支持。我正在建立一个关于自我调节的生物心理社会研究项目；特别是影响减少和负面强化(NR)，因为它们与青春期物质使用的发展有关。我采用了行为学、电生理学和荷尔蒙分析(皮质醇)来研究冒险行为。然而，为了充分了解回避和消极强化过程及其在成瘾行为风险中的作用，我必须加深我的理解，并在四个核心领域扩大我的技能：(A)发育神经成像；(B)认知神经科学；(C)物质使用研究；(D)统计方法。这个指导科学家发展奖将为我提供进入独立研究职业生涯的培训。虽然青春期是一个冒险行为和情感减少动机增加的发育期，但我们对负强化过程的神经关联如何与情感减少动机和物质使用行为之间的关系知之甚少。我用两项横断面fMRI研究中的三个具体目标来解决我们知识中的这些差距。我建议通过两种fMRI友好的行为范式来研究负强化回避与两种厌恶刺激(例如，避免奖励损失和避免厌恶声音)之间的神经和行为相关性。第一项研究(n=48)将描述儿童(8-11岁)、青少年(13-17岁)和成人(23-29岁)负性强化过程和行为的神经回路。第二项研究将在高危样本(14-18岁，n=70)中检验情感减少动机(消极情感、焦虑敏感性)和物质使用行为之间的负强化相关神经关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 application seeks support essential to my development as an independent interdisciplinary scientist. I am building a program of biopsychosocial research on self-regulation; particularly affect reduction and negative reinforcement (NR) as they relate to the development of substance use in adolescence. I have employed behavioral, electrophysiological, and hormonal assays (cortisol) to study risk-taking behavior. However, to fully understand avoidance and negative reinforcement processes, and their role in the risk for addictive behavior, I must deepen my understanding and broaden my technical skills in four core areas (a) developmental neuroimaging; (b) cognitive neuroscience; (c) substance use research; (d) statistical methods. This mentored scientist development award will provide me with the training to move onto an independent research career. While adolescence is a developmental period with increased risk-taking behavior and increased affect reduction motivation, we know relatively little about how the neural correlates of negative reinforcement processes relate to affect reduction motives and substance use behaviors. I address these gaps in our knowledge with three specific aims across two cross-sectional fMRI studies. I propose to study the neural and behavioral correlates of negative reinforcement for avoidance with two types of aversive stimulation (e.g., avoidance of incentive loss and avoidance of aversive sound) across two fMRI-friendly behavioral paradigms. The first study (n=48) will characterize the neural circuitry underlying negative reinforcement processes and behavior among children (8-11 yrs.), adolescents (13-17 yrs.), and adults (23-29 yrs.) The second study will examine the negative reinforcement-related neural correlates of affect reduction motives (negative affect, anxiety sensitivity) and substance use behaviors in a high-risk sample (14-18 yrs., n=70).