Sensory-Motor Control of the Binocular Near Response

描述（由申请人提供）：双眼近视反应的感觉-运动控制是对随年龄（老花眼）发生的调节幅度逐渐减少及其如何影响聚焦反应协调和双眼对齐（近视反应）的基础研究。早期老花眼开始于儿童时期，随着适应幅度随年龄线性下降而发展，直到生命的第四个十年结束时，几乎所有的眼睛都无法通过改变眼睛的光学能力来适应。虽然过去一个世纪的研究主要集中在调节结构成分的生物力学特性，以及这些结构中与年龄相关的导致老花眼的生物力学变化，但在调节神经控制如何适应这些变化方面的知识进展非常有限。本研究通过调节和收敛的神经控制来优化近响应，以响应与年龄相关的调节植物的生物力学变化，这些变化是老花眼自然发展的基础。该提案涉及(1)适应调节的能力，以保持年轻的调节动力学，以应对与年龄相关的晶状体粘弹性特性的变化；(2)适应动态调节和收敛对其动态交叉耦合相互作用的影响；(3)适应适应和收敛之间的静态交叉耦合相互作用，以应对与年龄相关的晶状体生物力学变化。(4)对两种晶状体潜在不均匀老化的适应性校准；(5)适应能力随着年龄的增长而下降。结果将用适应性的动态特性及其与收敛的相互作用模型来解释，以便了解适应如何随年龄扩展近响应的线性操作范围。这些实验的结果将提供有关适应机制的基本知识，以补偿适应能力随年龄的下降，以及适应和收敛之间的相互作用，影响双眼对准的准确性。此外，从实验中开发的模型可以促进新的治疗方法的成功设计和实施，例如用于抵消老花眼的调节眼内晶体。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sensory-Motor Control of the Binocular Near Response is a basic study of the progressive reduction of accommodative amplitude that occurs with age (presbyopia) and how it influences the coordination of focusing responses and binocular eye alignment (the near response). Incipient presbyopia begins in childhood and progresses as the amplitude of accommodation declines linearly with age until the end of the fourth decade of life when virtually all eyes become unable to accommodate by changing optical power of the eyes. While research during the past century has concentrated on the biomechanical properties of the structural components of accommodation and on the age-related biomechanical changes in these structures that lead to presbyopia, advances in knowledge of how neural control of accommodation adjusts to these changes has been very limited. This proposal investigates the optimization of the near response by adapting neural control of accommodation and convergence in response to age-related biomechanical changes of the accommodation plant that underlie the natural progression of presbyopia. The proposal addresses (1) the ability to adapt accommodation to preserve youthful accommodative dynamics in response to age-related changes in visco-elastic properties of the crystalline lens, (2) the influence of adapting dynamic accommodation and convergence on their dynamic cross-coupled interactions, (3) adaptation of the static cross-coupled interactions between accommodation and convergence in response to age-related biomechanical changes of the ocular lens, (4) calibration of consensual accommodation to potential unequal aging of the two ocular lenses, and (5) decline of adaptation ability with age. Results will be interpreted with models of the dynamic properties of accommodation and their interactions with convergence, in order to understand how adaptation could extend the linear operating range of the near response with age. Results of these experiments will provide fundamental knowledge about the adaptive mechanisms that compensate for the decline of accommodation with age, and interactions between accommodation and convergence that influence the accuracy of binocular eye alignment. In addition, models developed from the experiments can facilitate the successful design and implementation of new treatments, such as accommodating intra-ocular lenses, designed to offset presbyopia.