Long-term Effects of the ACTIVE Training Program on Control Beliefs and Cognition

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案是对PA-10-139老化中社会和行为数据集的二次分析（R 03）的回应，并寻求支持，以分析作为独立和重要老年人高级认知训练（ACTIVE）研究的一部分收集的公开数据。拟议的研究旨在研究控制信念的两个方面之间的关系-智力自我效能和对智力老化的关注（由智力老化背景下的人格量表测量）-和认知超过10年的时间内的ACTIVE研究的背景下。对于目标1，我们将考察智力自我效能和对智力老化的关注的发展轨迹。到目前为止，很少有研究在较长的时间范围内研究与年龄相关的控制信念的变化;这些研究受到样本量小或随访评估少的进一步限制。在目标1中，我们还将检查这些轨迹是否受到个体差异特征的影响（例如，年龄、性别、民族/种族、教育）。假设更强的控制感有利于认知功能，了解信念如何随人口因素变化可以帮助针对特定人群进行干预。虽然信念可以影响认知表现，但认知表现影响信念也同样合理。对于目标2，我们将研究随着时间的推移，智力自我效能和对智力老化和认知表现的关注的轨迹之间的相互关联。对于目标3，我们将研究在目标1和2中建立的关系如何作为ACTIVE认知训练计划（相对于无接触控制）的参与函数而有所不同。ACTIVE提供了一个独特的背景来调查这些关系，原因有几个，包括：1）多样化的社区居住老年人的大样本; 2）认知能力的多种测量; 3）随机分配到三种认知干预措施（记忆，推理，处理速度）之一或无接触对照组;以及4）随访时间长。从这些纵向数据中，我们已经了解了很多关于认知能力在晚年的可塑性。这项研究的结果将促进我们对10年内个人控制和认知之间的时间关联的理解，以及控制信念和对智力老化的态度的个体差异如何影响即时和长期的训练收益。这些发现对进一步开发和传播预防性干预措施以促进老龄化人口的认知健康具有重要意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is in response to PA-10-139 Secondary Analyses of Social and Behavioral Datasets in Aging (R03) and seeks support to analyze publicly available data collected as part of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study. The proposed research intends to examine the relationship between two facets of control beliefs-Intellectual Self-efficacy and Concern about Intellectual Aging (as measured by the Personality in Intellectual Aging Contexts Inventory)-and cognition over a 10- year period within the context of the ACTIVE study. For Aim 1, we will examine the developmental trajectories of Intellectual Self-efficacy and Concern about Intellectual Aging. To date, few studies have examined age-related changes in control beliefs over an extended time frame; such studies have been further limited by small sample sizes or few follow-up assessments. In Aim 1, we also will examine whether these trajectories are influenced by individual difference characteristics (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity/race, education). Assuming that a stronger sense of control is beneficial for cognitive functioning, understanding how beliefs vary with demographic factors can help target interventions to specific populations. Although beliefs can influence cognitive performance, it is equally plausible that cognitive performance influences beliefs. For Aim 2, we will examine the reciprocal associations between trajectories of Intellectual Self- efficacy and Concern about Intellectual Aging and cognitive performance over time. For Aim 3, we will examine how the relationships (established in Aims 1 and 2), differ as a function of participation in the ACTIVE cognitive training program (relative to no-contact controls). ACTIVE presents a unique context to investigate these relationships for several reasons, including: 1) a large sample of diverse, community-dwelling older adults; 2) multiple measures of cognitive abilities; 3) randomization to one of three cognitive interventions (memory, reasoning, speed of processing) or to a no-contact control group; and 4) long duration of follow-up. We have already learned much from these longitudinal data about the plasticity of cognitive abilities in later life. The findings of the proposed study will advance our understandin of the temporal associations between personal control and cognition over a 10-year period, as well as how individual differences in control beliefs and attitudes toward intellectual aging impac immediate and long- term training gains. The findings have major implications for further development and dissemination of preventative interventions to promote cognitive health in an aging population.