Training and Research on Severe Malarial Anemia

描述(由申请人提供)：这项提案是我们最初资助的Fogarty国际中心申请(D43 TW005884)的第二次更新，题为严重疟疾贫血的培训和研究，以及我们通过补充资金建立的名为扩展严重疟疾贫血研究以包括艾滋病毒/疟疾合并感染领域的培训和研究的额外计划。国际疟疾培训和研究方案(国际疟疾培训和研究方案)成立于2002年(帕金斯，PD/PI)。在上一个供资周期中，受训人员成果丰硕，撰写了23份同行评议的手稿(3份正在印刷中)，并在国际会议上作了52次发言。基于我们活动的高度成功性质，我们计划继续培训流行地区的科学家，使他们掌握遗传学和分子免疫学的最新技术和定量分析。此外，我们将扩大我们的培训平台，以满足肯尼亚和国际科学界日益增长的需求。扩大后的计划将包括药物和疫苗发现以及生物统计学方面的培训。我们的战略培训方法依赖于以往和目前在遗传学方面取得的成功，这些成功已经确定了一些影响严重疟疾贫血(SMA)的重要基因和基因途径，现在将指导新治疗方案的开发。受训人员参与药物和疫苗发现的时机恰到好处，因为全球范围内的SMA治疗和管理取得的成功非常有限。此外，在所有科学领域取得成功的一个基本要求是生物统计学，但撒哈拉以南非洲地区严重缺乏生物统计学家。通过在这一重要领域提供长期培训，将直接应对这一挑战。选定用于培训的三个科学重点领域(遗传学和分子免疫学、药物和疫苗发现以及生物统计学)将得到新墨西哥大学(UNM)和我们在肯尼亚的长期(10年)合作伙伴地点、肯雅塔大学、马塞诺大学和肯尼亚医学研究所(KEMRI)的国际公认专家的支持。培训平台总共将得到学院导师每年超过3500万美元的直接资助。在续签申请中，我们建议在IMTRP的支持下为目前已完成硕士课程的三名博士生提供培训。此外，我们提议为一名即将完成博士学位的肯尼亚学员和两名博士后研究员(每年)提供博士后培训，这些学员每年将在新墨西哥州州立大学接受三个重点领域之一的最新培训，为期11个月。由于我们现在有幸从博士水平培训了IMRTP的一些成员，并完成了他们的博士后研究金，我们将扩大我们的活动，包括对初级教师的长期培训。我们建议每年为两名初级教员提供支持，因为受训人员在肯雅塔大学或马塞诺大学录取和获得教员职位。除了所述的长期培训外，我们还将提供中期培训，肯尼亚初级教员、博士后和博士后学员每年在UNM花费三个月的时间进行三个重点领域之一的专门培训(每年三个)。最后，我们将提供短期的、深入的 对初级教员、博士后研究员、博士生和医学生以及硕士水平的培训 通过年度讲习班培训学员，这些讲习班侧重于(1)遗传学和分子免疫学(2)药物和疫苗发现(3)流行病学和生物统计学(4)发病机制和血液学(5)儿科传染病的临床管理和(6)生物伦理学。短期培训将在肯尼亚西部的KEMRI研究设施进行，将由来自美国和肯尼亚的科学专家授课。在更新申请中设计的总体培训模式将确保IMTRP的所有受训人员获得必要的技术和智力专门知识，以开展控制和预防疟疾、贫血和其他儿科传染病的独立研究。继续我们非常成功的培训计划还将提供必要的技术转让和能力建设，以建立一支关键的肯尼亚科学家队伍，以解决其社会面临的具有挑战性的公共卫生问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is the second renewal of our originally funded Fogarty International Center application (D43 TW005884) entitled, Training and Research in Severe Malarial Anemia and the additional program we established with supplemental funding entitled, Expanding Research on Severe Malarial Anemia to Include Training and Research in the Areas of HIV/Malaria Co-Infections. The International Malaria Training and Research Program (IMTRP) was established in 2002 (Perkins, PD/PI). During the last cycle of funding, the trainees were highly prolific generating 23 peer-reviewed manuscripts (3 in press) and 52 presentations at international meetings. Based on the highly successful nature of our activities, we plan to continue training endemic area scientists in state-of-the art technologies and quantitative analyses in genetics and molecular immunology. In addition, we will expand our training platform to meet the growing demands of the scientific community in Kenya and internationally. The expanded program will include training in drug and vaccine discovery and biostatistics. Our strategic approach for training relies on previous and ongoing success in genetics that have identified a number of important genes and gene pathways that influence severe malarial anemia (SMA) which will now guide the development of novel treatment options. Engagement of trainees in drug and vaccine discovery comes at an opportune time since the treatment and management of SMA around the globe has been met with very limited success. Moreover, an essential requirement for success in all scientific arenas is biostatistics, yet there is a critical shortage of biostatisticians in sub-Saharan Africa. This challenge will be directly addressed by providing long-term training in this important area. The three scientific focus areas selected for training (genetics and molecular immunology, drug and vaccine discovery, and biostatistics) will be supported by internationally recognized experts at the University of New Mexico (UNM) and at our long-standing (10 years) partner sites in Kenya, Kenyatta University, Maseno University, and Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). Collectively, the training platform will be supported by more than $35 million in annual direct funding by the Faculty Mentors. In the renewal application, we propose to provide training for three doctoral students who are currently completed their MSc programs with support from the IMTRP. In addition, we propose to provide postdoctoral training for one Kenyan mentee that is completing his PhD and two postdoctoral fellows (per year) that will spend 11 months per annum on-site at UNM receiving state-of-the-art training in the one of the three focus areas. Since we are now in the fortunate position of having trained some members of the IMRTP from the doctoral level through completion of their postdoctoral fellowships, we will expand our activities to include long-term training of junior faculty. We propose to provide support for two junior faculty members per year as the trainees matriculate and procure faculty positions at either Kenyatta or Maseno Universities. In addition to the long-term training described, we will also provide medium-term training by having an equal representation of the Kenyan junior faculty, postdoctoral, and doctoral mentees spend three months per year at UNM for specialized training in one of the three focus areas (3 per year). Lastly, we will provide short-term, in-depth training to junior faculty, postdoctoral fellows, doctoral and medical students, and masters' level trainees through annual workshops that focus on (1) genetics and molecular immunology (2) drug and vaccine discovery (3) epidemiology and biostatistics (4) pathogenesis and hematology (5) clinical management of pediatric infectious diseases and (6) bioethics. The short-term training will take place at the KEMRI research facility in western Kenya and will be taught by scientific experts from the US and Kenya. The overall training paradigm designed in the renewal application will ensure that all trainees in the IMTRP receive the required technical and intellectual expertise to conduct independent research for the control and prevention of malarial anemia and other pediatric infectious diseases. Continuation of our highly successful training program will also provide the necessary technology transfer and capacity building required for establishing a critical mass of Kenyan scientists to address the challenging public health problems facing their society.