Relationships between discrimination and the health of South Asian Americans

说明(申请人提供)：遭受歧视对少数族裔的身心健康产生了有据可查的负面影响。大多数歧视和健康研究都集中在非洲裔和拉丁裔美国人群体上。在这些研究中，亚裔美国人，特别是南亚裔美国人(SaaS)的代表性不足。目前，美国有超过340万的SaaS用户；以下群体占居住在美国的南亚人的97%：亚裔印度人(2,662,112人)、巴基斯坦人(211,356人)和孟加拉人(69,687人)。尽管SaaS由几个不同的组组成，讲不同的语言，但SaaS有相似之处，如拥有密切的家庭支持网络。总体而言，SaaS经历了歧视性移民政策、暴力仇恨犯罪和长期侮辱的历史遗产。居住在纽约市的SaaS特别容易受到歧视及其相关健康后果的影响，因为自2001年9月11日恐怖袭击以来，它们一直是刻板印象、被视为威胁的目标，并成为暴力和歧视的受害者。在探讨歧视和亚裔美国人健康的文献中，已经发现自我报告的歧视(SRD)与抑郁、焦虑、肥胖和身体疼痛之间的关系。然而，歧视和亚裔美国人的健康文献可以通过特别关注SaaS、纳入直接的健康措施、改进变量之间的理论联系的描述以及改进的措施来扩大。因此，这项研究的目的是解决当前文献中的空白，阐明SaaS对歧视的特定脆弱性，以及 探索歧视和健康结果之间的相关性。生态社会理论和其他与压力相关的理论支持了这项拟议的研究，并认为负面的、长期的和有压力的歧视经历会导致激活和维持压力反应，从而导致更差的健康。这种应激反应的持续激活会导致高血压、体重增加、焦虑和抑郁--所有这些都是慢性病和心血管疾病风险的指标。因此，深入了解歧视如何导致较差的SAA健康结局，这在理论上通常与压力有关，这在护理学中是一项及时而重要的努力。与NINR解决健康差距的使命相一致，护理科学应该调查歧视如何增加日常接触它的SaaS的健康风险。护理科学可以将歧视作为疾病的重要促进者，并提供未来的研究、社区干预和社会政策建议，以改善歧视对SaaS健康的影响。本研究的目的是(1)调查成年男性和女性SaaS(印度、巴基斯坦和班加勒德斯族)的SRD与心理健康的关系；(2)调查SRD与SaaS的身体健康(自我报告的身体健康状况和直接的生理指标[BMI、腰臀比和血压])的关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exposure to discrimination has well-documented negative effects on the physical and mental health of ethnic minorities. The majority of discrimination and health studies have focused on African American and Latino American populations. Asian Americans, in particular South Asian Americans (SAAs), are underrepresented in these studies. There are currently more than 3.4 million SAAs living in the US; the following groups comprise 97% of South Asians living in the US: Asian Indians (2,662,112), Pakistanis (211,356), and Bangladeshis (69,687). Although SAAs are comprised of several heterogeneous groups and speak various languages, SAAs share similarities such as having close familial support networks. Collectively, SAAs have experienced a historical legacy of discriminatory immigration policies, violent hate crimes, and chronic insults. SAAs living in New York City are uniquely vulnerable to discrimination and its related health consequences, given that they have been stereotyped, targeted as threats, and victimized by violence and discrimination since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In the literature exploring discrimination and the health of Asian Americans, relationships have been found between self-reported discrimination (SRD) and depression, anxiety, obesity, and physical pain. However, the discrimination and Asian American health literature can be expanded through a specific focus on SAAs, the inclusion of direct health measures, improved description of the theoretical links between variables, and improved measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to address gaps in the current literature, explicate the specific vulnerability of SAAs to discrimination, and explore correlates between discrimination and health outcomes. Ecosocial theory and other stress-related theories underpin the proposed study and suggest that negative, chronic, and stressful experiences of discrimination lead to activation and maintenance of a stress response that can lead to poorer health. The persistent activation of this stress response can result in hig blood pressure, weight gain, anxiety, and depression-all of which are indicators for chronic illness and CVD risk. Therefore, an advanced understanding of how discrimination contributes to poorer SAA health outcomes, which is often theoretically linked to stress, is a timely and significant endeavor in nursing science. Aligned with the mission of NINR to address health disparities, nursing science should investigate how discrimination may increase the health risks of SAAs who are exposed to it on a routine basis. Nursing science can address discrimination as an important promoter of illness and provide future research, community interventions, and social policy recommendations that will ameliorate its impact on the health of SAAs. The aims of the proposed study are to (1) investigate the relationships between SRD and mental health among adult male and female SAAs (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangledeshi groups) and (2) investigate the relationships between SRD and physical health (self-reported physical health conditions and direct, physiologic measures [BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and blood pressure]) of SAAs.