The electrophysiological indices of infants memory for a social stressor

描述（由申请人提供）：自从事件相关电位（ERP）被引入发展研究以来，人们对非语言婴儿的感觉和认知神经生理过程有了大量的了解。使用这种非侵入性的措施，告诉我们有关早期的社会情感技能，从婴儿的能力，以区分情绪表达，他们的记忆面孔和模仿行为。虽然人们可以争辩说，看到一个愤怒或恐惧的脸会引起一定程度的压力，但这项先前研究的主要目的并不是评估婴儿对社会压力的反应或记忆。尽管我们对婴儿社会能力及其对社会压力的反应的理解有了迅速的进步，但文献中的这种差距仍然存在。本研究旨在发展一种ERP范式，以研究婴儿对社会压力互动的反应和记忆，即面对面静止面孔（FFSF）范式。这项建议将作出重大贡献的领域，因为它作为第一步，在解决差距在文献中探索婴儿的日常社会压力的记忆的神经生理指标。最终，该范例和该R21生成的数据将用于提出R01。整合这两种实验方法要克服的主要方法学问题之一是，ERP研究需要大量的短，离散的试验，以隔离重要的神经反应从EEG信号中的文物。然而，FFSF范式是母亲和婴儿之间的一种活生生的、持续的互动。这些差异使得将两种范式结合在一起具有挑战性。在最初的范例中，婴儿将被分为实验组和控制组。实验组将暴露于FFSF范例。第二天，婴儿将参与ERP任务。我们将检查ERP组件，我们假设，如果实验组的婴儿记住了社会压力源，两组之间会有差异。该项目的独特性允许对企业资源规划数据提出探索性问题。具体来说，我们将解决目前尚不清楚的问题，即在ERP波形中看到的交互式社会压力的影响。开发这种测量方法对于理解压力经历在发育早期是如何被记忆的具有重要意义，并将为评估压力源对发育中的社会大脑以及对典型和非典型发育的长期影响提供一个范例，这是NIH使命的一个重要目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Since the introduction of event related potentials (ERPs) in developmental research, a great deal has been learned about the sensory and cognitive neurophysiologic processes of the non-verbal infant. The use of this non-invasive measure has informed us about early socio- emotional skills from infants' abilities to discriminate emotion expressions to their memory for faces and imitated acts. Although one can argue that seeing an angry or fearful face induces a certain amount of stress, the primary intention of this previous research has not been to evaluate infants' reactions to or memory of social stress. This gap in the literature exists even though there have been rapid advancements in our understanding of infant social capacities and their reactions to social stress. The proposed project aims to develop an ERP paradigm to examine infants' response to and memory of a socially stressful interaction, the Face-to-Face Still Face (FFSF) paradigm. This proposal will make a significant contribution to the field because it serves as a first step in addressing the gap in the literature by exploring the neurophysiologic indices of infants' memory of everyday social stress. Ultimately this paradigm and the data generated by this R21 will be used to propose a R01. One of the primary methodological issues to overcome in integrating these two experimental approaches is that ERPs studies require a large number of short, discrete trials in order to isolate important neural responses from artifacts in the EEG signal. The FFSF paradigm, however, is a live, continuous interaction between the mother and her infant. These differences make bringing both paradigms together challenging. In the initial paradigm, infants will be separated into an experimental or a control typical-play group. The experimental group will be exposed to the FFSF paradigm. The next day infants will participate in an ERP task. We will examine ERP components and we hypothesize that there will be differences between the two groups if infants in the experimental group remember the social stressor. The uniqueness of this project allows for exploratory questions to be asked of the ERP data. Specifically we will address what currently is unclear, the impact of the interactive social stressor as seen in the ERP waveform. Developing this measure will be of significance for understanding how stressful experiences are memorialized early in development and will provide a paradigm for evaluating the long- term impact of stressors on the developing social brain and on typical and atypical development, a significant goal of the NIH mission.