Stability of Coping and Memory for Social Stress

描述(由申请人提供)：这项资助的主要目的是：(1)评估婴儿行为(积极和消极参与、自我调节行为)、迷走神经张力和皮质醇反应的个体差异的稳定性；(3)评估在3个月或6个月的时间间隔内，母亲面对面静止面孔模式的稳定性；(2)评估婴儿在3个月或6个月时间间隔内对静止面孔的记忆；以及(3)评估婴儿反应与记忆之间的关系。按婴儿性别平衡的10组母婴二联体(N=340，每组n=34)将构成样本。六组将被随机分配到一个实验条件下。对于实验条件下的婴儿，第一次暴露于FFSF将发生在婴儿6、9或12个月时，他们各自的第二次暴露将分别在3个月或6个月后、9、12、15或18个月时发生。控制条件下的婴儿将在FFSF中被录像一次，年龄对应于实验条件下婴儿的第二次暴露(9、12、15或18个月大)。对于所有小组来说，在SF期间对婴儿凝视的测量将被编码为记忆的测量。在FFSF范例中，婴儿的迷走神经张力(VT)、皮质醇反应、消极参与状态和自我调节行为将从每次探视时收集的录像带中进行微量分析评分，作为反应性的衡量标准。婴儿心肺活动(迷走神经张力)的变化将使用Porges开发的方法进行评估，皮质醇反应将使用Gunnar开发的方法使用唾液皮质醇进行测量。每次访问时，将从母亲填写的气质问卷中得出婴儿感知气质的衡量标准：6、9或12个月婴儿的婴儿行为问卷(IBQ)，15或18个月婴儿的幼儿行为评估问卷(TABQ)。这项研究将为我们提供一个标准的和广泛使用的应激范式的有价值的纵向，并为我们理解在社会应激中婴儿的行为、情感、生理调节和记忆的个体差异的稳定性做出重要贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary aims of this grant are to: (1) evaluate the stability of individual differences in infants' behavior (positive and negative engagement, self-regulatory behaviors), vagal tone and cortisol response assessed during a social stress, maternal Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm over a 3- or a 6-month time interval; (2) evaluate infants' memory for the still-face over the 3- or 6-month time interval; and (3) evaluate the relation between infant reactivity and memory. Ten independent groups of mother-infant dyads (N = 340, n = 34 per group) balanced for infant gender will comprise the sample. Six groups will be randomly assigned to an experimental condition. For infants in the experimental condition, the 1st exposure to the FFSF will take place when the infants are 6, 9, or 12 months of age, and their respective 2nd exposure will be either 3 or 6 months later, at 9, 12, 15 or 18 months of age. Infants in the control condition will be videotaped once in the FFSF, at the age corresponding to the 2nd exposure for infants in the experimental conditions (at 9, 12, 15, or 18 months of age). For all groups measures of infant gaze during the SF will be coded as a measure of memory. Infants' vagal tone (VT), cortisol response, and negative engagement states and self-regulatory behaviors during the FFSF paradigm will be scored microanalytically from videotapes will be collected at each visit as measures of reactivity. Variations in infants' cardio-respiratory activity (vagal tone) will be assessed using the method developed by Porges, and cortisol response will be measured using salivary cortisol with methods developed by Gunnar. A measure of infant perceived temperament will be derived at each visit from temperament questionnaires completed by the mother: the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) for infants at 6, 9, or 12 months and the Toddler Assessment of Behavior Questionnaire (TABQ) for infants at 15 or 18 months of age. This study will provide valuable longitudinal on a standard and widely used stress paradigm and make a significant contribution to our understanding the stability of individual differences in infants' behavior, affect, physiological regulation, and memory during social stress.