Stability of Coping and Memory for Social Stress

描述（由申请人提供）：该资助的主要目的是：(1)评估婴儿行为（积极和消极参与，自我调节行为），迷走神经张力和皮质醇反应的个体差异的稳定性，在3个月或6个月的时间间隔内评估社会压力，母亲面对面-静止-面对范式；(2)在3个月或6个月的时间间隔内评估婴儿对静止面孔的记忆；(3)评价婴儿反应性与记忆的关系。十个独立的母子二人组（N = 340, N = 34每组）将构成婴儿性别平衡的样本。六组将被随机分配到一个实验条件下。对于实验条件下的婴儿，第一次接触FFSF将在婴儿6、9或12个月大时进行，第二次接触将在婴儿3或6个月大时进行，分别为9、12、15或18个月大。对照条件下的婴儿将在与实验条件下婴儿第二次暴露的年龄（9、12、15或18个月）对应的FFSF中进行一次录像。对于所有组，在SF期间婴儿凝视的测量将被编码为记忆的测量。在FFSF范式中，婴儿的迷走神经张力（VT）、皮质醇反应、消极参与状态和自我调节行为将在每次访问时收集录像带进行微观分析评分，作为反应性的衡量标准。婴儿心肺活动（迷走神经张力）的变化将使用Porges开发的方法进行评估，皮质醇反应将使用Gunnar开发的方法使用唾液皮质醇进行测量。婴儿感知气质的测量将在每次访问时从母亲完成的气质问卷中得出：婴儿行为问卷（IBQ）适用于6,9或12个月的婴儿，幼儿行为评估问卷（TABQ）适用于15或18个月的婴儿。本研究将为标准和广泛使用的压力范式提供有价值的纵向研究，并对我们理解婴儿在社会压力下的行为、情感、生理调节和记忆的个体差异的稳定性做出重大贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary aims of this grant are to: (1) evaluate the stability of individual differences in infants' behavior (positive and negative engagement, self-regulatory behaviors), vagal tone and cortisol response assessed during a social stress, maternal Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm over a 3- or a 6-month time interval; (2) evaluate infants' memory for the still-face over the 3- or 6-month time interval; and (3) evaluate the relation between infant reactivity and memory. Ten independent groups of mother-infant dyads (N = 340, n = 34 per group) balanced for infant gender will comprise the sample. Six groups will be randomly assigned to an experimental condition. For infants in the experimental condition, the 1st exposure to the FFSF will take place when the infants are 6, 9, or 12 months of age, and their respective 2nd exposure will be either 3 or 6 months later, at 9, 12, 15 or 18 months of age. Infants in the control condition will be videotaped once in the FFSF, at the age corresponding to the 2nd exposure for infants in the experimental conditions (at 9, 12, 15, or 18 months of age). For all groups measures of infant gaze during the SF will be coded as a measure of memory. Infants' vagal tone (VT), cortisol response, and negative engagement states and self-regulatory behaviors during the FFSF paradigm will be scored microanalytically from videotapes will be collected at each visit as measures of reactivity. Variations in infants' cardio-respiratory activity (vagal tone) will be assessed using the method developed by Porges, and cortisol response will be measured using salivary cortisol with methods developed by Gunnar. A measure of infant perceived temperament will be derived at each visit from temperament questionnaires completed by the mother: the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) for infants at 6, 9, or 12 months and the Toddler Assessment of Behavior Questionnaire (TABQ) for infants at 15 or 18 months of age. This study will provide valuable longitudinal on a standard and widely used stress paradigm and make a significant contribution to our understanding the stability of individual differences in infants' behavior, affect, physiological regulation, and memory during social stress.