Family Violence and Young Adult Dating Aggression: Reactivity and Compassion

描述(由申请人提供)：约会关系中的攻击性很常见，对个人和社会都有重大的医学、行为和社会后果。攻击性的家庭环境会增加未来约会攻击性的风险，但许多高危个体不会将攻击性模式延续到下一代。交友攻击性背后的心理社会和心理生物学机制，以及预测青年时期从家庭攻击性到交友攻击性中断的因素，目前还知之甚少。这项拟议的研究旨在发现影响青春期家庭关系攻击性代际延续的风险因素和保护性因素，以及青春期约会关系。多层次的询问(行为、生理、情感和声音)将被应用于约会伙伴之间关于情感敏感话题的生态有效讨论。这项研究将通过自主神经系统[ANS]和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质[HPA]轴的激活，通过声音唤醒指数，以及通过敌对或退缩行为中表现出的行为和情绪放松来衡量应激反应。这些形式的反应被认为是为了增加约会攻击性的风险。这项研究还调查了同情心(通过观察到的同理心和协调、生理和声音共同调节、催产素作为生物标记物以及自我和伴侣报告)是否是一个缓解因素。青春期被视为一个关键的发展窗口--仍然受到以前的家庭关系的影响，但也以改变的机会而与众不同。这项研究建立在一项前瞻性的、多波研究的基础上，该研究涉及约会夫妇中的一人和她或他的父母。在之前的研究中收集的数据提供了对青春期累积家庭暴力的多种评估，并允许将以前记录的家庭互动与拟议的约会夫妇互动进行比较。本研究利用生理、发声和观察系统中的各种创新和探索性措施来评估应激反应性和同情心在攻击行为代际延续中的作用。数据将使用多层次、多变量、纵向分析策略进行分析，这些策略反映了 夫妻和家庭数据中的依赖形式。这项研究还为约会攻击性开辟了新的概念基础，通过提高对个人和人际机制的了解，这些机制在现实生活中情绪激动的约会伙伴讨论和讨论后的恢复中表现出来。与预防科学一致，这些多方法、纵向的、概念驱动的和数据丰富的方法来讨论约会伴侣，意在揭示与约会攻击性的风险和恢复力相关的可塑性、临床相关的因素。 并对预防性干预措施的设计至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Aggression in dating relationships is common and has significant medical, behavioral, and social consequences for individuals and society. An aggressive family environment increases future risk for dating aggression, but many at-risk individuals do not continue aggressive patterns into the next generation. The psychosocial and psychobiological mechanisms underlying dating aggression and factors that predict discontinuity from familial aggression to dating aggression in young adulthood are poorly understood. The proposed study aims to discover both risk and protective factors that affect the intergenerational continuity of aggression from family relationships during adolescence into dating relationships in young adulthood. Multiple levels of inquiry (behavioral, physiological, emotional, and vocal) will be applied to ecologically valid discussions of emotionally charged topics between dating partners. The study will measure stress reactivity through Autonomic Nervous System [ANS] and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical [HPA] axis activation, through indices of vocal arousal, and through behavioral and emotional deregulation as displayed in hostile or withdrawing behaviors. These forms of reactivity are hypothesized to exacerbate risk for dating aggression. The study also investigates whether compassion (measured through observed displays of empathy and attunement, physiological and vocal co regulation, oxytocin as a biomarker, and self- and partner-reports) is a mitigating factor. Young adulthood is targeted as a critical developmental window-still influenced by previous family relationships but also distinguished by opportunities for change. This study builds on a prospective, multi-wave study involving one member of the dating couple and her or his parents. Data collected during the prior study provide multiple assessments of cumulative family violence across adolescence and also allow for comparison between previously recorded family interactions and the proposed dating couple interactions. The current study draws upon a variety of innovative and exploratory measures across physiological, vocal and observational systems to evaluate the role of stress reactivity and compassion in the intergenerational continuity of aggression. The data will be analyzed using multilevel, multivariate, longitudinal analytic strategies that reflect the multiple forms of dependency in the couple and family data. This study also breaks new conceptual ground on dating aggression by advancing knowledge of individual and interpersonal mechanisms that are exhibited in 'real-life' emotionally-charged dating partner discussions and post-discussion recovery. In line with preventive science, these multi-method, longitudinal, conceptually driven, and data-rich approaches to dating partners' discussions are intended to reveal malleable, clinically relevant factors linked with risk and resilience for dating aggression and critical to the design of preventive interventions.