Metabolic adaptability of E. coli: engineering autotrophic CO2 fixation

描述(由申请人提供)：关于中枢碳代谢的丰富知识使生物体能够被设计成生产有用的分子，并为许多疾病提供了洞察力，包括肥胖、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化和一些癌症(1，2)。代谢工程的进一步进展有可能对环境保护和人类健康产生重大影响。例如，随着人类碳基燃料消费量的增加，大气中的二氧化碳水平也在上升(3，4)，50年的时间尺度上的后果预计将是戏剧性的。这项提议的目标是通过确定将有机体从异养生长模式转变为自养生长模式所需的变化来提高我们对中心碳代谢的理解。具体地说，我建议将特性良好的异养菌大肠杆菌转化为自养生长模式，在这种模式下，它使用卡尔文循环将二氧化碳固定为唯一的碳源。这将涉及外源基因的引入、内源基因的定向突变、代谢通量的定量建模和测量，以及定向进化。这些结果将提供有关中心碳代谢的调节、进化和可塑性的信息，并可能使从大气中固碳的新方法成为可能。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The wealth of knowledge about central carbon metabolism has allowed organisms to be engineered for the production of useful molecules and has provided insight into many diseases, including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and some cancers (1, 2). Further advances in metabolic engineering have the potential to significantly impact both environmental protection and human health. For example, CO2 levels in the atmosphere are rising as human consumption of carbon-based fuels increases (3, 4), and the consequences on a 50-year timescale are expected to be dramatic. The goal of this proposal is to improve our understanding of central carbon metabolism by determining the changes needed to convert an organism from a heterotrophic to autotrophic mode of growth. Specifically, I propose to convert the well-characterized heterotrophic bacterium E. coli to an autotrophic mode of growth in which it fixes CO2 as its sole carbon source, using the Calvin cycle. This will involve introduction of foreign genes, targeted mutation of endogenous genes, quantitative modeling and measurement of metabolic fluxes, and directed evolution. The results will provide information about the regulation, evolution and plasticity of central carbon metabolism, and may enable new methods for carbon sequestration from the atmosphere.