Diversity and dispersal routes of bat-borne paramyxoviruses in densely populated

描述(由申请人提供)： 这项研究的长期目标是通过确定病原体是如何通过东南亚人口最多的岛屿中的翼手蝙蝠传播来防止传染病的传播。该项目将检查高度多样化的副粘病毒组，并主动识别宿主中病毒多样性高的区域，测试病毒多样性最高的预测 多样性将出现在翼手类物种丰富度高和群体规模大的地区。关于病原体从野生动物传播到人类的研究将大大改善全球健康和疫情控制努力。如果很容易识别宿主并限制它们的行动，疫情的严重性可以得到缓解，但当病原体由飞行生物寄生时，可能很难遏制。蝙蝠最近被认为是多种人畜共患病病原体的宿主，但宿主系统的研究工作仍然落后于其他类群。最近对翼狐的研究表明，它们可能是许多不同病毒的宿主，但之前的数据收集一直是随意的。翼狐是一种只在非洲、亚洲和澳大利亚发现的大型蝙蝠属。特别是，一些公共重要的副粘病毒似乎起源于蝙蝠在更换宿主之前。翼手属物种的群体栖息、频繁的迁徙和较长的寿命使它们特别容易在大范围的地理区域内窝藏和传播人畜共患病原体，并通过反复感染使病原体长期持续存在。虽然最近从几个蝙蝠属中分离到66种新的副粘病毒，但对翼手属中的非Nipah、非Hendra副粘病毒知之甚少。将使用新的统计系统地理和生态位建模方法来研究翼手亚目及其所含副粘病毒的遗传多样性，以预测病毒多样性的热点、可能的岛屿间迁徙路线，并调查蝙蝠与它们的病原体之间的进化动态。将根据序列数据重建系统地理迁移模型，并将使用生态位模型预测病毒高发区。对人口的网络分析将表明，哪些传播路线对维持人口连通性最重要，从而导致疾病传播。对病原体来源和宿主传播路线进行更准确的预测将有助于在疫情发生时改进遏制措施，届时资源可以集中在特定的热点地区。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of the study is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases by determining how pathogens are spread via Pteropus bats among the most populous islands of Southeast Asia. This project will examine the highly diverse group of paramyxoviruses and proactively identify areas of high viral diversity in hosts, testing predictions that highest viral diversity will occur in areas of high Pteropus species richness and large colony size. Research about the spread of pathogens from wild animals to humans will significantly improve global health and outbreak containment efforts. The severity of outbreaks can be mitigated when hosts are readily identified and their movements restricted, but when pathogens are hosted by flying organisms, containment can be difficult. Bats have recently been recognized as reservoir hosts that harbor diverse zoonotic pathogens, but research effort in the host system still lags behind that of other taxa. Recent studies on Pteropus flying foxes, a genus of large bats found only in Africa, Asia, and Australia, indicate they may be hosts for a number of different viruses, but previous data collection has been haphazard. In particular, a number of publicly important paramyxoviruses appear to originate in bats before switching hosts. Colonial roosting, frequent migration, and long lifespans in Pteropus species make them particularly prone to harboring and vectoring zoonotic pathogens across large geographic areas and enable the long-term persistence of pathogens through repeated infections. Although 66 new paramyxoviruses were recently isolated from several bat genera, little is known concerning non-Nipah, non-Hendra paramyxoviruses in the genus Pteropus. The genetic diversity of Pteropus and the paramyxoviruses that they harbor will be examined using nascent statistical phylogeographic and niche-modeling methods to predict hotspots of viral diversity, probable migration routes among islands, and investigate evolutionary dynamics between bats and their pathogens. Phylogeographic migration models will be reconstructed from sequence data and areas of high viral occurrence will be predicted using ecological niche modeling. A network analysis of the populations will indicate which dispersal routes are most important to the maintenance of population connectivity and thus disease spread. More accurate predictions of pathogen origins and host dispersal routes will permit improved containment in the event of an epidemic, when resources can be focused on particular hotspots.