Beliefs and decision-making about HPV vaccination among young men who have sex wi

描述(由申请人提供)：男男性行为者(MSM)由于在这一人群中普遍存在的肛门人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染，患肛门癌的风险增加。预防性接种是预防肛门癌的一种潜在有效的公共卫生策略。目前，一种四价疫苗被批准用于预防男性和女性的肛门癌和肛门鳞状上皮内病变。因此，建议对26岁以下的所有男男性接触者进行常规疫苗接种。要最大限度地提高MSM人群的疫苗接种率，需要进行公共卫生干预，以解决影响疫苗可接受性、意图和后续行为的因素。目前，公共卫生教育工作者可获得的信息有限，无法有效地定制健康教育信息和干预措施，旨在提高符合疫苗资格的成年MSM对HPV疫苗的接受程度。行为预测的综合模型(IM)是一个可行的理论框架，可以用来理解HPV疫苗决策，并指导社会和文化干预措施。根据这一模式，健康教育干预措施必须针对年轻MSM表达的与HPV相关的突出信念和看法，以便有效地促进疫苗接种。这项研究的长期目标是通过接种疫苗来预防HPV-16和-18型的感染，从而降低MSM中肛门癌的发病率。这项研究的目的是了解年轻男男性接触者在决定接种HPV疫苗时的重要因素，以解决以下具体目标：(1a)描述与年轻男男性接触者接种HPV疫苗相关的显著结果、规范和控制信念；(1b)通过半结构化定性访谈和结构化的开放式定性调查，确定这些信念背后的因素；(2)探索社会人口学特征，如年龄和种族/民族背景，对年轻MSM中HPV疫苗接种决策的影响；以及(3)确定年轻MSM中关于HPV接种的信息需求和可靠的信息来源。这些目标将在包括半结构化访谈(阶段1)和对18至26岁的MSM的开放式定性调查(阶段2)在内的多方法顺序定性研究中得到解决。拟议的研究将加强申请者在癌症流行病学、女同性恋者、男同性恋者、双性恋者和变性人的公共卫生需求方面的培训计划，以及在健康教育研究中使用定性方法。通过课程作业、定向学习和他的赞助团队的指导相结合，拟议的培训计划将确保申请人将获得必要的知识和技能水平，以建立一个研究计划，以解决LGBT人群的关键公共卫生需求。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of anal cancer as a result of prevalent anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in this population. Prophylactic vaccination is a potentially effective public health strategy for preventing anal cancer. A quadrivalent vaccine is currently approved for the prevention of anal cancer and anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in both males and females. As a result, routine vaccination is recommended for all MSM up through at 26. Maximizing vaccine uptake among populations of MSM will require public health interventions to address factors influencing vaccine acceptability, intentions, and subsequent behavior. Currently, public health educators have limited information available to effectively tailor health education messages and interventions aimed at increasing HPV vaccine uptake among vaccine-eligible adult MSM. The Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction (IM) is a viable theoretical framework from which to understand HPV vaccine decision-making and to guide social and culturally tailored interventions. According to this model, health education interventions must address the salient HPV-related beliefs and perceptions expressed by young MSM in order to effectively promote vaccination. The long-term goal of this research is to decrease the incidence of anal cancer among MSM by preventing infection of HPV types -16 and -18 through vaccination. The purpose of the proposed research is to understand the factors important to young MSM when making decisions about HPV vaccination by addressing the following specific aims: (1a) Describe salient outcome, normative, and control beliefs related to HPV vaccination among young MSM; (1b) determine factors that underlie these beliefs through semi-structured qualitative interviews and a structured open-ended qualitative survey; (2) explore the influence of socio-demographic characteristics, such as age and racial/ethnic background, in HPV vaccine decision-making among young MSM; and (3) identify information needs and trusted sources of information regarding HPV vaccination among young MSM. These objectives will be addressed in a multi-method sequential qualitative study including semi-structured interviews (Phase 1) and an open-ended qualitative survey (Phase 2) of MSM 18 to 26 years old. The proposed research will reinforce the applicants training plan in cancer epidemiology, the public health needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations, and the use of qualitative methods in health education research. Through a combination of coursework, directed study, and mentorship from his sponsorship team, the proposed training plan will ensure that the applicant will obtain the level of knowledge and skills necessary to build a program of research that will address the critical public health needs of LGBT populations.